这是 ubuntu 系统上出现一些奇怪安装错误的磁盘。我不确定这是由于 fstab 中的错误设置还是实际的硬件错误造成的。我运行 smartctl 来检查磁盘的状态。我没有读取结果的经验，但对我来说，该磁盘似乎存在严重问题。但购买磁盘的商店里的人说，磁盘没问题。有没有人有空给我提示一下磁盘的实际状态以及 SMART 结果有多重要？
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-22-generic] (local
build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba 3.5" DT01ABA... Desktop HDD
Device Model: TOSHIBA DT01ABA300
Serial Number: XXXXXXXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 ff4c8910e
Firmware Version: MZ6OABB0
User Capacity: 3.000.592.982.016 bytes [3,00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5940 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Jun 2 15:48:48 2016 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity
was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (28357) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 473) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 078 078 016 Pre-fail Always - 61472768
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 142 142 054 Pre-fail Offline - 90
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 146 146 024 Pre-fail Always - 390 (Average 362)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 281
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 001 001 005 Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 642
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 138 138 020 Pre-fail Offline - 33
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 291
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 274
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 375
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 375
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 181 181 000 Old_age Always - 33 (Min/Max 17/53)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 074 074 000 Old_age Always - 648
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 25960
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 66
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 8252 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 8252 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:57:06.926 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:57:02.420 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:57.914 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:53.407 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:48.901 READ DMA EXT
Error 8251 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:57:02.420 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:57.914 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:53.407 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:48.901 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:44.397 READ DMA EXT
Error 8250 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:57.914 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:53.407 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:48.901 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:44.397 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:39.897 READ DMA EXT
Error 8249 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:53.407 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:48.901 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:44.397 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:39.897 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:35.386 READ DMA EXT
Error 8248 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00 Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:48.901 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:44.397 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:39.897 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:35.386 READ DMA EXT
25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00 3d+05:56:30.880 READ DMA EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 271 91251656
# 2 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 271 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
参数值标准化为 100，越低表示越差，如果低于指示的阈值，则标记为失败。
您有一个显著的原始读取错误率，并且硬盘已经为此目的重新分配了所有备用块。
所以磁盘不管出于什么原因都坏了。你也许还能读取所有内容（也许店里的人已经测试过了），但可能不能持续太久。
尽快进行备份，以免为时已晚，并获取新磁盘。
编辑
对于备份，请确保以只读方式安装驱动器。超级块在安装期间被标记，如果驱动器无法写入它并尝试分配它，并且没有任何备用块可以分配，则会出现问题 - 这可能会给您带来您提到的“奇怪的安装错误”。
（是的，我知道您已经做了备份，但将来可能会有其他人读到这篇文章）。