在我的笔记本电脑上全新安装 Linux Mint 后，我注意到音频无法正常工作，并且看到虚拟输入/输出。之后我尝试了很多解决方案。
添加后
options snd-hda-intel model=generic
我/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf只能看到 HDMI 输出。这意味着耳机和集成扬声器不可用。
这似乎无法了解内部扬声器、麦克风和音频插孔。
我该如何解决？
我的系统信息：
更新
我尝试了不同的内核：5.11、5.8 和 5.4。这是一台新笔记本电脑，这是第一次安装。我不知道是否应该工作...
今天，发生了一些奇怪的事情。我连接耳机随机检查是否有某些内容发生了变化（我不知道为什么），并且我听到笔记本电脑扬声器发出一些噪音。然后我尝试使用 AUX 电缆将智能手机线路插入电脑插孔。我可以通过扬声器听到智能手机的声音。当我改变音量时，什么也没有发生。为什么？可能是声卡的一些物理问题？
戒掉我的瘾/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
aplay -l:
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
更新2
find /lib/modules -type f -name snd-es\*
/lib/modules/5.11.0-22-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.11.0-22-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-74-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-74-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-77-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-77-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-59-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-59-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-37-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-37-generic/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
find /lib/modules -type f -name snd-sb\*
/lib/modules/5.11.0-22-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-74-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-77-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.8.0-59-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-58-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
/lib/modules/5.4.0-37-generic/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb-common.ko
lspci -k
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Gemini Lake Host Bridge (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Gemini Lake Host Bridge
00:00.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Dynamic Platform and Thermal Framework Processor Participant (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Dynamic Platform and Thermal Framework Processor Participant
Kernel driver in use: proc_thermal
Kernel modules: processor_thermal_device
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation GeminiLake [UHD Graphics 600] (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 605
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:0e.0 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor High Definition Audio (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
Subsystem: Device 1c6c:122a
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_skl, snd_sof_pci
00:0f.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Trusted Execution Engine Interface (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Trusted Execution Engine Interface
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:12.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor SATA Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - SATA
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: ahci
Kernel modules: ahci
00:13.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Gemini Lake PCI Express Root Port (rev f6)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:13.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Gemini Lake PCI Express Root Port (rev f6)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:13.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Gemini Lake PCI Express Root Port (rev f6)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:15.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
Kernel modules: xhci_pci
00:16.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO I2C Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO I2C Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:16.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO I2C Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO I2C Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:16.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31b0 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:16.3 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31b2 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:17.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31b4 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:17.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31b6 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:17.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31b8 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:17.3 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 31ba (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:18.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:18.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:18.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:18.3 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO UART Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:19.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:19.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:19.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Serial IO SPI Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci
00:1c.0 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller
Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci
Kernel modules: sdhci_pci
00:1e.0 SD Host controller: Intel Corporation Device 31d0 (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci
Kernel modules: sdhci_pci
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor LPC Controller (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device 7270
00:1f.1 SMBus: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Gaussian Mixture Model (rev 06)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Celeron/Pentium Silver Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
01:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8821CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8821CE 802.11ac PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
Kernel driver in use: rtw_8821ce
Kernel modules: rtw88_8821ce
apt list --installed | grep alsa
alsa-base/focal,focal,now 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5 all [installed]
alsa-topology-conf/focal,focal,now 1.2.2-1 all [installed]
alsa-ucm-conf/focal-updates,focal-updates,now 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.8 all [installed]
alsa-utils/focal-updates,now 1.2.2-1ubuntu2.1 amd64 [installed]
gstreamer1.0-alsa/focal-updates,focal-security,now 1.16.2-4ubuntu0.1 amd64 [installed]