当我尝试使用 optirun 启动任何东西时，出现错误：
keddad@debian:~/ATOM RPG$ optirun ./start.sh
[ 161.810701] [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
[ 161.810769] [ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
我正在运行 nouveau 驱动程序，板载 Intel 630 和 GTX 1050。这是系统日志：
keddad@debian:/$ sudo grep -a bumblebeed /var/log/syslog
Dec 3 08:55:27 debian bumblebeed[609]: [ 33.537647] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 10:00:20 debian bumblebeed[589]: [ 21.118695] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 10:36:13 debian bumblebeed[589]: [ 1980.495073] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 11:26:35 debian bumblebeed[574]: [ 19.701795] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 13:00:57 debian bumblebeed[580]: [ 19.921079] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 13:05:55 debian bumblebeed[580]: [ 317.868146] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 13:06:28 debian bumblebeed[570]: [ 19.011365] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 13:08:23 debian bumblebeed[584]: [ 19.697084] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 13:18:46 debian bumblebeed[568]: [ 20.011287] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 13:21:31 debian bumblebeed[575]: [ 18.033479] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 14:45:01 debian bumblebeed[570]: [ 20.052553] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 15:08:45 debian bumblebeed[570]: [ 1444.327735] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 15:09:20 debian bumblebeed[586]: [ 19.942523] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 15:27:39 debian bumblebeed[588]: [ 19.692626] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 15:39:58 debian bumblebeed[588]: [ 758.790828] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 15:40:41 debian bumblebeed[603]: [ 21.793098] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 18:50:18 debian bumblebeed[603]: [11398.976071] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 18:52:29 debian bumblebeed[25245]: [11530.072241] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 18:55:43 debian bumblebeed[571]: [ 20.207146] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 18:58:51 debian bumblebeed[571]: [ 207.486380] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 18:59:25 debian bumblebeed[550]: [ 21.238599] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 19:00:39 debian bumblebeed[550]: [ 94.790957] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 20:41:28 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 20.557528] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.105985] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106012] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) No devices detected.
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106021] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106029] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) no screens found(EE)
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106037] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106046] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.8.log" for additional information.
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.106054] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.107116] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
Dec 3 20:45:07 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 239.107136] [ERROR]X did not start properly
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250893] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250921] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) No devices detected.
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250931] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250941] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) no screens found(EE)
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250951] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250963] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.8.log" for additional information.
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.250972] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.252243] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
Dec 3 21:04:03 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 1375.252262] [ERROR]X did not start properly
Dec 3 21:21:41 debian bumblebeed[590]: [ 2433.439921] [WARN]Received Terminated signal.
Dec 3 21:22:16 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 19.546629] [INFO]/usr/sbin/bumblebeed 3.2.1 started
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809499] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809530] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) No devices detected.
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809539] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809547] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) no screens found(EE)
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809555] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809564] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.8.log" for additional information.
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.809572] [ERROR][XORG] (EE)
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.810641] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
Dec 3 21:24:38 debian bumblebeed[591]: [ 161.810659] [ERROR]X did not start properly
以下是 Xserver 日志：
X.Org X Server 1.19.2
Release Date: 2017-03-02
[ 161.622] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 161.622] Build Operating System: Linux 4.9.0-8-amd64 x86_64 Debian
[ 161.622] Current Operating System: Linux debian 4.9.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.130-2 (2018-10-27) x86_64
[ 161.622] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-4.9.0-8-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/debian--vg-root ro quiet
[ 161.622] Build Date: 03 November 2018 03:09:11AM
[ 161.622] xorg-server 2:1.19.2-1+deb9u5 (https://www.debian.org/support)
[ 161.622] Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
[ 161.622] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 161.622] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 161.622] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.8.log", Time: Mon Dec 3 21:24:38 2018
[ 161.635] (++) Using config file: "/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau"
[ 161.635] (++) Using config directory: "/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.d"
[ 161.635] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 161.656] (==) ServerLayout "Layout0"
[ 161.656] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 161.657] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 161.657] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[ 161.657] (==) No device specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using the first device section listed.
[ 161.657] (**) | |-->Device "DiscreteNvidia"
[ 161.657] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 161.657] (**) Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"
[ 161.657] (**) Option "AutoAddGPU" "false"
[ 161.657] (**) Not automatically adding devices
[ 161.657] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 161.657] (**) Not automatically adding GPU devices
[ 161.657] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 161.657] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 161.657] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 161.657] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins
[ 161.657] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 161.657] (==) |-->Input Device "<default pointer>"
[ 161.657] (==) |-->Input Device "<default keyboard>"
[ 161.657] (==) The core pointer device wasn't specified explicitly in the layout.
Using the default mouse configuration.
[ 161.657] (==) The core keyboard device wasn't specified explicitly in the layout.
Using the default keyboard configuration.
[ 161.657] (II) Loader magic: 0x558d1125be00
[ 161.657] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 161.657] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 161.657] X.Org Video Driver: 23.0
[ 161.657] X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[ 161.657] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 161.658] (--) using VT number 2
[ 161.658] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 161.658] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 161.658] (EE) /dev/dri/card0: failed to set DRM interface version 1.4: Permission denied
[ 161.660] (--) PCI:*(0:1:0:0) 10de:1c8d:103c:836b rev 161, Mem @ 0xb3000000/16777216, 0xa0000000/268435456, 0xb0000000/33554432, I/O @ 0x00004000/128, BIOS @ 0x????????/524288
[ 161.660] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 161.660] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 161.661] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 161.661] compiled for 1.19.2, module version = 1.0.0
[ 161.661] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 161.661] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
[ 161.661] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
[ 161.677] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 161.677] compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 1.0.13
[ 161.677] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 161.677] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 161.677] (II) LoadModule: "mouse"
[ 161.677] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/mouse_drv.so
[ 161.684] (II) Module mouse: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 161.684] compiled for 1.19.0, module version = 1.9.2
[ 161.684] Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
[ 161.684] ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 24.1
[ 161.684] (II) LoadModule: "kbd"
[ 161.685] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module kbd
[ 161.685] (II) UnloadModule: "kbd"
[ 161.685] (II) Unloading kbd
[ 161.685] (EE) Failed to load module "kbd" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 161.685] (II) NOUVEAU driver Date: Tue Sep 20 00:31:06 2016 -0400
[ 161.685] (II) NOUVEAU driver for NVIDIA chipset families :
[ 161.685] RIVA TNT (NV04)
[ 161.685] RIVA TNT2 (NV05)
[ 161.685] GeForce 256 (NV10)
[ 161.685] GeForce 2 (NV11, NV15)
[ 161.685] GeForce 4MX (NV17, NV18)
[ 161.685] GeForce 3 (NV20)
[ 161.685] GeForce 4Ti (NV25, NV28)
[ 161.685] GeForce FX (NV3x)
[ 161.685] GeForce 6 (NV4x)
[ 161.685] GeForce 7 (G7x)
[ 161.686] GeForce 8 (G8x)
[ 161.686] GeForce GTX 200 (NVA0)
[ 161.686] GeForce GTX 400 (NVC0)
[ 161.809] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
[ 161.809] (EE) No devices detected.
[ 161.809] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 161.809] (EE) no screens found(EE)
[ 161.809] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 161.809] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.8.log" for additional information.
[ 161.809] (EE)
[ 161.809] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
但卡对于操作系统来说仍然可见：
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Mobile] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Mobile]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at b3000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at b0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at 4000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at b4000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel modules: nouveau
我该如何修复它？
答案1
我可以通过安装 nvidia 的专有驱动程序来解决类似的问题。对于基于 Debian 的操作系统：
apt install xserver-xorg-video-nvidia
答案2
经过大约一天的调试，问题归结为用户gdm没有正确的权限。就我而言，我试图让 VirtualGL 工作，所以我所要做的就是将用户添加gdm到相关的用户组：
sudo adduser gdm vglusers