我正在用 Django 和 React 做一个小组项目，我们每个人都有自己的 VM 来运行它。目前，我们只能使用“runserver”命令启动 Django 的开发服务器，并使用“npm start”命令启动一个服务器来编译我们的 React 代码。然后后端可以在端口 8000 上访问，前端可以在端口 3000 上访问。我们现在正试图让这个配置运行起来，以便它能够持续访问，我们可以配置 HTTPS。我们尝试了许多不同的互联网教程（可能在过程中破坏了一些东西），但我们似乎无法让它运行起来。我们最后尝试的是https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/modwsgi/ 服务器仍然无法通过其 IP 访问。我们的虚拟机是 Debian GNU/Linux 8.11 (jessie)，我们使用 Pipenv 版本 2018.10.13 作为虚拟环境，其中装有 Python 3.4.2 和 Django 2.0.10。我们的 apache 是版本 0.91-ubuntu1。
这是我的apache2.conf：
# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.
# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
# /etc/apache2/
# |-- apache2.conf
# | `-- ports.conf
# |-- mods-enabled
# | |-- *.load
# | `-- *.conf
# |-- conf-enabled
# | `-- *.conf
# `-- sites-enabled
# `-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
# together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
# web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
# supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
# customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
# directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
# global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
# respectively.
#
# They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
# respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
# helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
# their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
# the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
# /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
# work with the default configuration.
# Global configuration
#
#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"
#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default
#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}
#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300
#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On
#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5
# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}
#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn
# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf
# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf
# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share>
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
#<Directory /srv/>
# Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
# AllowOverride None
# Require all granted
#</Directory>
# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.
# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf
# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
# TODO
LoadModule wsgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so
# This is just the root of your virtualenv directory, i.e. two levels above activate
WSGIPythonHome /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/backend-nwAt4pcf/bin/
WSGIPythonPath /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/backend-nwAt4pcf/bin/python3.4
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
我的 backend.conf：
Listen 8000
<VirtualHost *:8000>
ServerName webspec68.mi
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/puppy-webshop/backend
# Point this to the wsgi.py in the same directory as your settings.py file
WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/puppy-webshop/backend/backend/wsgi.py
<Directory /var/www/html/puppy-webshop/backend>
<Files wsgi.py>
Require all granted
Allow from all
</Files>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
最后是frontend.conf：
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName webspec68.mi
ServerAdmin [email protected]
DocumentRoot /var/www/frontend
# Serve static files like the minified javascript from npm run-script build
Alias /static /var/www/todo/frontend/build/static
<Directory /var/www/todo/frontend/build/static>
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
error.log 不断记录这些错误：
"ImportError: No module named 'encodings'
[Sun Jan 20 17:59:59.887686 2019] [core:notice] [pid 20413:tid 140450917902208] AH00052: child pid 20430 exit signal Aborted (6)
[Sun Jan 20 18:00:00.889711 2019] [wsgi:warn] [pid 20431:tid 140450917902208] (13)Permission denied: mod_wsgi (pid=20431): Unable to stat Python home /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/backend-nwAt4pcf/bin/. Python interpreter may not be able to be initialized correctly. Verify the supplied path and access permissions for whole of the path.
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
该项目目前位于 /var/www/html/my-project/ 下。我们的后端部分应该位于 /var/www/backend 中，而前端部分应该位于 /var/www/frontend 中吗？此外，WSGIPythonHome 和 WSGIPythonPath 只是猜测，因为我找不到使用 pipenv 执行此操作的教程。这些似乎是目前的主要问题。这里可能有很多错误，但我对所有这些都很陌生。感谢任何帮助！