前言：
我有一台联想 Z50，4GB 内存。我尝试安装KDE 霓虹灯 5.15.4（基于 Ubuntu 18.04），但我遇到了问题。我是菜鸟，所以问题可能过于描述性。
问题：
我第一次安装时，安装非常完美（我选择安装额外的附加组件），并且我选择了“尝试操作系统一段时间”而不是“立即重新启动”选项。
但是当我启动到已安装的操作系统时，在初始启动屏幕之后，它抛出了对话框，显示“ksplashqml已崩溃”和另外 2 个或 3 个对话框（我意外地关闭了它们，因为ksplashqml盒子花了一些时间才关闭），所以我不知道还有什么崩溃了。
之后，我留下了一个带有指针的黑屏。我等了很长一段时间，长按电源按钮（强制关机）。我重新启动，但指针出现了同样的黑屏，这次没有对话框。我再次强制关闭电源。
我尝试过的：
有些人说安装时不要安装任何额外的东西，所以通过擦除整个磁盘来重新安装 KDE Neon。
安装后，我选择“
reboot now”选项，操作系统启动了，尽管在启动屏幕后需要相当长的时间才能加载桌面。然后，一切正常，我更新了（到KDE 5.16.4）使用pkcon refresh和pkcon update，安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序（在我的例子中为 340）sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall，然后重新启动。我再次遇到带有指针的黑屏，没有对话框。然后我开始了解Ctrl+ Alt+ F1- F6。
我去了终端2，已登录但无法执行任何操作。然后我发现了
startx。那么，登录后终端2，我输入startx并按回车键，迎接我的是ksplashqml崩溃的对话，但这次桌面加载得很慢。我已附上对话框中的日志。另外，它会显示
rendering with software is enabled我何时以这种方式到达桌面。一段时间后，桌面会变得静止且无法操作（关闭窗口通常会触发它），并且如果我启动发现然后关闭它（即使是在启动后）。有时甚至会
ksmserver-logout-greeter崩溃（附日志）。有时分辨率较低。引导至 grub（使用Esc）并替换
ro quiet splash为nomodeset quiet spalsh或仅nomodeset在 grub 中（按进行e编辑）。禁用模糊效果。
更改内核版本（5、4.18、4.15.18）。
列入黑名单新风格驱动程序（我现在已将其列入白名单，不知道如何通过删除行
blacklist nouveau和从我添加的文件options nouveau modeset=0中进行检查/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf这指导）。
我还有什么选择吗？我可以从 Konsole 运行终端命令（终端2）。
日志：
ksplashqml崩溃日志：
Application: ksplashqml (ksplashqml), signal: Aborted
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
[Current thread is 1 (Thread 0x7f731c206d00 (LWP 1104))]
Thread 3 (Thread 0x7f7305a05700 (LWP 1107)):
#0 0x00007f73193740b4 in __GI___libc_read (fd=8, buf=0x7f7305a04af0, nbytes=16) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/read.c:27
#1 0x00007f7311fbaf55 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.340.107
#2 0x00007f7313d032d0 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#3 0x00007f7313cbe0b7 in g_main_context_check () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#4 0x00007f7313cbe570 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#5 0x00007f7313cbe6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#6 0x00007f7319cbbdcb in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#7 0x00007f7319c5d03a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#8 0x00007f7319a844ca in QThread::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#9 0x00007f7318ccc115 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Qml.so.5
#10 0x00007f7319a85c72 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#11 0x00007f7316cd56db in start_thread (arg=0x7f7305a05700) at pthread_create.c:463
#12 0x00007f731938588f in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
Thread 2 (Thread 0x7f7306632700 (LWP 1106)):
#0 __lll_unlock_wake () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:371
#1 0x00007f7316cd97df in __pthread_mutex_unlock_usercnt (decr=1, mutex=0x7f7315aa88a0) at pthread_mutex_unlock.c:54
#2 __GI___pthread_mutex_unlock (mutex=0x7f7315aa88a0) at pthread_mutex_unlock.c:345
#3 0x00007f7315824b79 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1
#4 0x00007f7315828888 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1
#5 0x00007f7311fbafe1 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.340.107
#6 0x00007f7313d032d0 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#7 0x00007f7313cbe0b7 in g_main_context_check () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#8 0x00007f7313cbe570 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#9 0x00007f7313cbe6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#10 0x00007f7319cbbdcb in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#11 0x00007f7319c5d03a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#12 0x00007f7319a844ca in QThread::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#13 0x00007f731ab60015 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5DBus.so.5
#14 0x00007f7319a85c72 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#15 0x00007f7316cd56db in start_thread (arg=0x7f7306632700) at pthread_create.c:463
#16 0x00007f731938588f in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
Thread 1 (Thread 0x7f731c206d00 (LWP 1104)):
[KCrash Handler]
#5 __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:51
#6 0x00007f73192a4801 in __GI_abort () at abort.c:79
#7 0x00007f7319a61f2b in QMessageLogger::fatal(char const*, ...) const () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#8 0x00007f731b40978d in QSGRenderLoop::handleContextCreationFailure(QQuickWindow*, bool) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#9 0x00007f731b40a57d in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#10 0x00007f731b40b31a in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#11 0x00007f731a233655 in QWindow::event(QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#12 0x00007f731b487025 in QQuickWindow::event(QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#13 0x00007f7319c5ed18 in QCoreApplication::notifyInternal2(QObject*, QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#14 0x00007f731a22919a in QGuiApplicationPrivate::processExposeEvent(QWindowSystemInterfacePrivate::ExposeEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#15 0x00007f731a2293ed in QGuiApplicationPrivate::processWindowSystemEvent(QWindowSystemInterfacePrivate::WindowSystemEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#16 0x00007f731a201b4b in QWindowSystemInterface::sendWindowSystemEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#17 0x00007f7309c0d59a in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5
#18 0x00007f7313cbe417 in g_main_context_dispatch () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#19 0x00007f7313cbe650 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#20 0x00007f7313cbe6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#21 0x00007f7319cbbdaf in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#22 0x00007f7319c5d03a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#23 0x00007f7319c66170 in QCoreApplication::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#24 0x000056487af83c06 in ?? ()
#25 0x00007f7319285b97 in __libc_start_main (main=0x56487af83ab0, argc=3, argv=0x7ffe0358c338, init=<optimized out>, fini=<optimized out>, rtld_fini=<optimized out>, stack_end=0x7ffe0358c328) at ../csu/libc-start.c:310
#26 0x000056487af83cda in _start ()
ksmserver-logout-greeter崩溃日志：
Application: ksmserver-logout-greeter (ksmserver-logout-greeter), signal: Aborted
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
[Current thread is 1 (Thread 0x7fe340e68880 (LWP 3361))]
Thread 4 (Thread 0x7fe321518700 (LWP 3364)):
#0 0x00007fe33c52ebf9 in __GI___poll (fds=0x7fe3140025e0, nfds=1, timeout=-1) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/poll.c:29
#1 0x00007fe334fdc5c9 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#2 0x00007fe334fdc6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#3 0x00007fe33ce71dcb in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#4 0x00007fe33ce1303a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#5 0x00007fe33cc3a4ca in QThread::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#6 0x00007fe33ef6c115 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Qml.so.5
#7 0x00007fe33cc3bc72 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#8 0x00007fe33702f6db in start_thread (arg=0x7fe321518700) at pthread_create.c:463
#9 0x00007fe33c53b88f in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
Thread 3 (Thread 0x7fe322b55700 (LWP 3363)):
#0 0x00007fe33c52a0b4 in __GI___libc_read (fd=6, buf=0x7fe322b54ae0, nbytes=16) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/read.c:27
#1 0x00007fe331c39f55 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.340.107
#2 0x00007fe3350212d0 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#3 0x00007fe334fdc0b7 in g_main_context_check () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#4 0x00007fe334fdc570 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#5 0x00007fe334fdc6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#6 0x00007fe33ce71dcb in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#7 0x00007fe33ce1303a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#8 0x00007fe33cc3a4ca in QThread::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#9 0x00007fe33daca015 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5DBus.so.5
#10 0x00007fe33cc3bc72 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#11 0x00007fe33702f6db in start_thread (arg=0x7fe322b55700) at pthread_create.c:463
#12 0x00007fe33c53b88f in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
Thread 2 (Thread 0x7fe3289c2700 (LWP 3362)):
#0 0x00007fe33c52ebf9 in __GI___poll (fds=0x7fe3289c1c28, nfds=1, timeout=-1) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/poll.c:29
#1 0x00007fe337692747 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
#2 0x00007fe33769436a in xcb_wait_for_event () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
#3 0x00007fe32b17f578 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5
#4 0x00007fe33cc3bc72 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#5 0x00007fe33702f6db in start_thread (arg=0x7fe3289c2700) at pthread_create.c:463
#6 0x00007fe33c53b88f in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
Thread 1 (Thread 0x7fe340e68880 (LWP 3361)):
[KCrash Handler]
#6 __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:51
#7 0x00007fe33c45a801 in __GI_abort () at abort.c:79
#8 0x00007fe33cc17f2b in QMessageLogger::fatal(char const*, ...) const () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#9 0x00007fe33f6c478d in QSGRenderLoop::handleContextCreationFailure(QQuickWindow*, bool) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#10 0x00007fe33f6c557d in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#11 0x00007fe33f6c631a in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#12 0x00007fe33d3e9655 in QWindow::event(QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#13 0x00007fe33f742025 in QQuickWindow::event(QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Quick.so.5
#14 0x000055d845f38c21 in ?? ()
#15 0x00007fe33e0a465c in QApplicationPrivate::notify_helper(QObject*, QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Widgets.so.5
#16 0x00007fe33e0abb90 in QApplication::notify(QObject*, QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Widgets.so.5
#17 0x00007fe33ce14d18 in QCoreApplication::notifyInternal2(QObject*, QEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#18 0x00007fe33d3df19a in QGuiApplicationPrivate::processExposeEvent(QWindowSystemInterfacePrivate::ExposeEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#19 0x00007fe33d3df3ed in QGuiApplicationPrivate::processWindowSystemEvent(QWindowSystemInterfacePrivate::WindowSystemEvent*) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#20 0x00007fe33d3b7b4b in QWindowSystemInterface::sendWindowSystemEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Gui.so.5
#21 0x00007fe32b18059a in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5
#22 0x00007fe334fdc417 in g_main_context_dispatch () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#23 0x00007fe334fdc650 in ?? () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#24 0x00007fe334fdc6dc in g_main_context_iteration () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0
#25 0x00007fe33ce71daf in QEventDispatcherGlib::processEvents(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#26 0x00007fe33ce1303a in QEventLoop::exec(QFlags<QEventLoop::ProcessEventsFlag>) () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#27 0x00007fe33ce1c170 in QCoreApplication::exec() () from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5
#28 0x000055d845f34a95 in ?? ()
#29 0x00007fe33c43bb97 in __libc_start_main (main=0x55d845f347e0, argc=1, argv=0x7ffe73654f28, init=<optimized out>, fini=<optimized out>, rtld_fini=<optimized out>, stack_end=0x7ffe73654f18) at ../csu/libc-start.c:310
#30 0x000055d845f34bba in _start ()
答案1
解决了！
尝试 KDE Neon 后，我改用 Pop!操作系统并抛出消息称由于计算机的安全策略而无法启动。我在 BIOS 中启用了安全启动。我一开始看不到安全启动选项，不得不在 BIOS 中将启动模式设置为 UEFI。安全启动似乎会阻止某些图形驱动程序，但我对操作系统的启动方式感到惊讶！
另一个问题可能是 NVIDIA Optimus（可切换或混合显卡），在这种情况下这可能有用。
顺便说一句，我现在在 Kubuntu 上。 :)
希望能帮助到你！