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如何在 Windows 中设置手动路由以通过 VPN 传输所有流量？

tag-icon • tag-icon windows networking vpn routing
如何在 Windows 中设置手动路由以通过 VPN 传输所有流量？

我想通过 VPN 路由所有流量，除了实际的 VPN 连接本身。我试图弄清楚当建立连接（全隧道，而不是分割隧道）时，某些 VPN 客户端执行的底层命令是什么。

我了解他们使用 0.0.0.0/1 和 128.0.0.0/1 - 实现的底层技巧：https://www.tinc-vpn.org/examples/redirect-gateway/

我不明白我应该运行什么实际命令。我试过：

route add 0.0.0.0 mask 128.0.0.0 if 60
route add 128.0.0.0 mask 128.0.0.0 if 60
route add 52.59.92.187 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

在接口列中，我确实注意到它有“3c”而不是接口的 IP 地址，但我不知道为什么它在那里......

我应该运行什么命令？

λ route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
 16...00 ff 54 f0 df db ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9 #2
  3...d4 81 d7 2d d7 68 ......Realtek USB GbE Family Controller
 26...0a 00 27 00 00 1a ......VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter #3
 22...f8 63 3f 12 6e da ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter
  6...fa 63 3f 12 6e d9 ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter #3
 60...00 ff 5a ea 2f 77 ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9
 20...f8 63 3f 12 6e d9 ......Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265
 24...f8 63 3f 12 6e dd ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network) #2
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1     192.168.0.16     25
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.1.1    192.168.1.109     50
          0.0.0.0        128.0.0.0        10.0.54.1               3c     38
     52.59.92.187  255.255.255.255      192.168.1.1    192.168.1.109     51
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        128.0.0.0        128.0.0.0        10.0.54.1               3c     38
      192.168.0.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.0.16    281
     192.168.0.16  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.0.16    281
    192.168.0.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.0.16    281
      192.168.1.0    255.255.255.0         On-link     192.168.1.109    306
    192.168.1.109  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.1.109    306
    192.168.1.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.1.109    306
     192.168.56.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
     192.168.56.1  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
   192.168.56.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
    192.168.137.0    255.255.255.0         On-link     192.168.137.1    281
    192.168.137.1  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.137.1    281
  192.168.137.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.137.1    281
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link     192.168.1.109    306
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link                3c    291
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link     192.168.137.1    281
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.0.16    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.1.109    306
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link                3c    291
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.137.1    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.0.16    281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  None

答案1

不完全确定原因，但是当我将 tinc 从路由器模式更改为交换机模式时，我能够设置网关，并且一切都按我预期的方式工作。

可能与 TAP 设备有关。

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