OpenSsl 和自签名证书 - 验证链

2024-6-22 • tag-icon

我有一个链式PEM

以及ASA服务器.密钥.pem

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
// Private key for server cert
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

接下来，我托管一个服务器，使用叶证书的私钥为该链提供服务

openssl s_server -accept 1443 -cert chain.pem -key server.key.pem

但是当我尝试从 openssl 检查链时，它失败了

openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:1443 -CAfile ca.cert.pem

CONNECTED(00000005)
depth=0 CN = SERVER
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = SERVER
verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:CN = SERVER
   i:CN = Intermediate
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
// My self signed root cert
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=CN = SERVER

issuer=CN = Intermediate

---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Peer signature type: RSA-PSS
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1445 bytes and written 391 bytes
Verification error: unable to verify the first certificate
---
New, TLSv1.3, Cipher is TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
Early data was not sent
Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
---
---
Post-Handshake New Session Ticket arrived:
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.3
    Cipher    : TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
    Session-ID: 96CDD51B8E373535061D0338B6F748A77C5EB08DDCF3BDE07B56B2B9A4C93D55
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Resumption PSK: AC94F87D8723F065E7F0C7379CB090CD4987ECCD1B799ED0218855888015C0E077595450F87421CC7B4DF334165A2581
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - fa bf fa df 9a 14 c9 f9-84 03 f5 ea ea 4b c9 36   .............K.6
    0010 - 5a dc df 25 b2 73 9e 51-31 95 33 75 c6 cb 8e 00   Z..%.s.Q1.3u....
    0020 - 96 52 aa 6a 90 1d f3 ba-c4 ef c1 e8 e1 c2 91 9b   .R.j............
    0030 - e2 50 d8 a1 4e 54 95 fa-e8 39 8b 5c 08 8a c0 22   .P..NT...9.\..."
    0040 - 98 d3 21 3e 9f d7 2b b8-9c 5a a3 e1 5a d3 1b 43   ..!>..+..Z..Z..C
    0050 - fa f0 f1 0a 3d 9b 68 1c-04 d6 0e 6e 29 da ea f6   ....=.h....n)...
    0060 - ba a0 7d c4 c0 cb d6 ab-b5 63 fe 96 a3 75 0a 81   ..}......c...u..
    0070 - b9 88 05 f2 fe 92 0f 8d-05 9e d1 ea cb e7 da ba   ................
    0080 - b1 61 08 30 bd 92 6b 92-e7 5d 61 33 db cc a9 21   .a.0..k..]a3...!
    0090 - e9 a9 b3 86 59 39 13 8b-07 1c d8 9a a0 d1 0c 1e   ....Y9..........
    00a0 - 02 55 2a 5c 1b 18 a8 d0-77 d8 a2 a8 cc b0 14 16   .U*\....w.......
    00b0 - c7 a6 42 9b 16 bf 2d 37-fa b3 df 23 f6 c5 21 c6   ..B...-7...#..!.
    00c0 - 44 7a c5 fb f1 60 26 f6-36 2d 52 9d 19 e9 cb e6   Dz...`&.6-R.....

    Start Time: 1566570240
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
    Extended master secret: no
    Max Early Data: 0
---
read R BLOCK
---
Post-Handshake New Session Ticket arrived:
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.3
    Cipher    : TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
    Session-ID: D6B1480A83B746E076B63E2164F60A2803E03020F766555B77D328D481BA3F30
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Resumption PSK: C2422E09D6BBB9FDEC99A61E3CB80D662D8437B2F0FFACDC079D75BC8B65E1E9739D473D0959938CBDB926258ADCF4C7
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 7200 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - fa bf fa df 9a 14 c9 f9-84 03 f5 ea ea 4b c9 36   .............K.6
    0010 - 87 ac dc 50 d8 d8 62 65-5b 36 e8 de 9e 95 f0 97   ...P..be[6......
    0020 - 9f b6 00 96 a4 fb d0 74-45 6c ef 25 b2 ab aa 18   .......tEl.%....
    0030 - b4 2c 8a c8 3d 7f 2b 79-ae da de 61 3f 48 fb 71   .,..=.+y...a?H.q
    0040 - 9e 4d c1 82 14 0e 7f 47-60 76 ff 83 7e 67 0a 25   .M.....G`v..~g.%
    0050 - 5d 17 74 a3 8b e7 31 54-62 58 40 70 a3 51 fb d0   ][email protected]..
    0060 - 97 de a2 7a 7c 68 d2 c8-69 60 29 f5 90 cb be 51   ...z|h..i`)....Q
    0070 - 6c d6 c1 54 e2 68 bb 43-4c b4 1f 7d 9c 5c d7 34   l..T.h.CL..}.\.4
    0080 - ae b4 ce 20 3d 69 cf dc-80 1f 10 b9 6c 9e ff f5   ... =i......l...
    0090 - 00 80 05 6f ee 2f 7b c0-aa 8c c4 8c 3f 30 3c d3   ...o./{.....?0<.
    00a0 - 0e 37 ec db 4b 69 20 63-12 05 dd 03 86 2a 22 26   .7..Ki c.....*"&
    00b0 - 68 7b 0f f3 18 f0 20 35-0b fb 04 f4 3e 03 e3 2c   h{.... 5....>..,

    Start Time: 1566570240
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
    Extended master secret: no
    Max Early Data: 0
---
read R BLOCK

似乎它没有提供中间证书或根证书，因此无法验证链。我这里遗漏了什么？

在我的场景中，客户端将信任根证书公钥。我可能误解了很多概念，我对此很陌生。

答案1

-cert cert.pem的参数用于openssl s_server给出仅限叶子证书。如果您提供多个证书，则通常会采用第一个证书。如果您有链式证书，则必须使用选项提供这些证书-cert_chain chain.pem。

请注意，服务器根本不应该提供根 CA。该 CA 必须位于客户端信任存储中，即您需要像已经做的那样-CAfile ca.cert.pem在 in 中提供它openssl s_client。如果服务器还提供了根证书，它将被忽略，因为信任锚必须位于客户端本地。

答案1

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