我们在 Windows Server 2016 标准服务器（不是虚拟服务器）上处理这个问题已经有一段时间了。
经常（但不限于）：
- 所有软件安装停止工作
- Sage 备份停止运行
- Windows Defender 签名更新停止工作
- Windows 停止检查更新
- 计划的 Windows 备份未完成
错误日志中唯一相关的是错误代码 1603，这似乎是一个常见错误。
Windows Installer installed the product. Product Name: Sage MTD for VAT. Product Version: 1.0.0.0. Product Language: 1033. Manufacturer: Sage UK Limited. Installation success or error status: 1603.
唯一能解决这个问题的方法就是重启整个服务器，但在生产环境中，这根本不是一个好的解决方案。即便如此，症状在一周内又会再次出现，一切又会停止工作。
到目前为止我已经：
- 重新启动安装程序服务，取消注册，多次重新注册
- 将短名称注册表项更改为 0
- 完成多个 Microsoft Fixit 应用程序
- 通过手动安装程序下载手动更新了 Defender，并成功完成
- 清除所有临时文件夹
- 将 C: 驱动器上的权限设置为系统完全控制
尝试在目前正在尝试的安装程序上启用日志记录，这就是我得到的，没有什么明显的效果：
=== Logging started: 16/12/2019 11:45:30 ===
Action 11:45:30: INSTALL.
Action start 11:45:30: INSTALL.
Action 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422.
Action start 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422.
Action ended 11:45:30: CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts. Searching for related applications
Action start 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts.
Action ended 11:45:30: FindRelatedProducts. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: AppSearch. Searching for installed applications
Action start 11:45:30: AppSearch.
AppSearch: Property: NETFRAMEWORK452, Signature: NETFRAMEWORK452
Action ended 11:45:30: AppSearch. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: LaunchConditions. Evaluating launch conditions
Action start 11:45:30: LaunchConditions.
Action ended 11:45:30: LaunchConditions. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: ValidateProductID.
Action start 11:45:30: ValidateProductID.
Action ended 11:45:30: ValidateProductID. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: CostInitialize. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: CostInitialize.
Action ended 11:45:30: CostInitialize. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: FileCost. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: FileCost.
Action ended 11:45:30: FileCost. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:30: CostFinalize. Computing space requirements
Action start 11:45:30: CostFinalize.
Action ended 11:45:31: CostFinalize. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates. Migrating feature states from related applications
Action start 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates.
Action ended 11:45:31: MigrateFeatureStates. Return value 0.
Action 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg.
Action start 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg.
Info 2898.For Font_Normal textstyle, the system created a 'Tahoma' font, in 1 character set, of 13 pixels height.
Action 11:45:31: WelcomeDlg. Dialog created
DEBUG: Error 2826: Control Title on dialog LicenseAgreementDlg extends beyond the boundaries of the dialog to the right by 20 pixels
The installer has encountered an unexpected error installing this package. This may indicate a problem with this package. The error code is 2826. The arguments are: LicenseAgreementDlg, Title, to the right
Action 11:45:32: LicenseAgreementDlg. Dialog created
Action 11:45:34: VerifyReadyDlg. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:37: WelcomeDlg. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:37: ProgressDlg.
Action start 11:45:37: ProgressDlg.
Info 2898.For Font_Title textstyle, the system created a 'Tahoma' font, in 1 character set, of 13 pixels height.
Action 11:45:37: ProgressDlg. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:37: ProgressDlg. Return value 1.
Action 11:45:37: ExecuteAction.
Action start 11:45:37: ExecuteAction.
Action ended 11:45:37: ExecuteAction. Return value 3.
Action 11:45:37: FatalError.
Action start 11:45:37: FatalError.
Action 11:45:37: FatalError. Dialog created
Action ended 11:45:38: FatalError. Return value 2.
Action ended 11:45:38: INSTALL. Return value 3.
Property(C): UpgradeCode = {A631EEE7-AFAF-4AFC-BFF6-48E306BE9DBB}
Property(C): NETFRAMEWORK452 = #528049
Property(C): LicenseAccepted = 1
Property(C): DesktopFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Desktop\
Property(C): ApplicationProgramsFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): dir25A241B53537CCB8AD6107CAAAD8873B = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\Plugin\
Property(C): SageMTDBridge = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): ErrorDialog = ErrorDialog
Property(C): TARGETDIR = E:\
Property(C): ProgramMenuFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\
Property(C): SystemFolder = C:\Windows\SysWOW64\
Property(C): Sage = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\
Property(C): ProgramFilesFolder = C:\Program Files (x86)\
Property(C): SourceDir = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\
Property(C): Privileged = 1
Property(C): ARPPRODUCTICON = IconMtd.ico
Property(C): ARPNOREPAIR = 1
Property(C): ARPNOMODIFY = 1
Property(C): DefaultUIFont = Font_Normal
Property(C): Manufacturer = Sage UK Limited
Property(C): ProductCode = {6F238AC4-DFD6-44BB-B79F-D25DDC6C32D2}
Property(C): ProductLanguage = 1033
Property(C): ProductName = Sage MTD for VAT
Property(C): ProductVersion = 1.0.0.0
Property(C): SecureCustomProperties = WIX_DOWNGRADE_DETECTED;WIX_UPGRADE_DETECTED
Property(C): WixPdbPath = G:\Dev\Sage 200\MTD-Main-Prod\Sources\Master\Bin\Install\Standalone\en-GB\SageMTDforVAT.wixpdb
Property(C): MergeRedirectFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Sage\Sage MTD for VAT\
Property(C): AutoUpdateManager.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\AutoUpdateManager\
Property(C): AutoUpdateManagerVersionDir.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\AutoUpdateManager\v2\
Property(C): Shared.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\Shared\
Property(C): Sage.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Sage\
Property(C): CommonFilesFolder.0FCB48C5_2430_4EE6_8BE7_5D3F1FCF7422 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\
Property(C): VersionNT = 603
Property(C): MsiLogFileLocation = C:\installlog.log
Property(C): PackageCode = {B28DD062-35C3-4C45-9078-12E2FDBEE68C}
Property(C): ProductState = -1
Property(C): PackagecodeChanging = 1
Property(C): REBOOT = ReallySuppress
Property(C): CURRENTDIRECTORY = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads
Property(C): CLIENTUILEVEL = 0
Property(C): CLIENTPROCESSID = 20112
Property(C): MsiSystemRebootPending = 1
Property(C): VersionDatabase = 300
Property(C): VersionMsi = 5.00
Property(C): VersionNT64 = 603
Property(C): WindowsBuild = 9600
Property(C): ServicePackLevel = 0
Property(C): ServicePackLevelMinor = 0
Property(C): MsiNTProductType = 2
Property(C): WindowsFolder = C:\Windows\
Property(C): WindowsVolume = C:\
Property(C): System64Folder = C:\Windows\system32\
Property(C): RemoteAdminTS = 1
Property(C): TempFolder = C:\Users\ADMINI~1.RIG\AppData\Local\Temp\
Property(C): CommonFilesFolder = C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\
Property(C): ProgramFiles64Folder = C:\Program Files\
Property(C): CommonFiles64Folder = C:\Program Files\Common Files\
Property(C): AppDataFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\
Property(C): FavoritesFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Favorites\
Property(C): NetHoodFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Network Shortcuts\
Property(C): PersonalFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Documents\
Property(C): PrintHoodFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Printer Shortcuts\
Property(C): RecentFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\
Property(C): SendToFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo\
Property(C): TemplateFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates\
Property(C): CommonAppDataFolder = C:\ProgramData\
Property(C): LocalAppDataFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Local\
Property(C): MyPicturesFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Pictures\
Property(C): AdminToolsFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools\
Property(C): StartupFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\
Property(C): StartMenuFolder = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\
Property(C): FontsFolder = C:\Windows\Fonts\
Property(C): GPTSupport = 1
Property(C): OLEAdvtSupport = 1
Property(C): ShellAdvtSupport = 1
Property(C): MsiAMD64 = 6
Property(C): Msix64 = 6
Property(C): Intel = 6
Property(C): PhysicalMemory = 32672
Property(C): VirtualMemory = 7088
Property(C): AdminUser = 1
Property(C): MsiTrueAdminUser = 1
Property(C): LogonUser = administrator
Property(C): UserSID = S-1-5-21-3170842105-3658024141-1870963093-500
Property(C): UserLanguageID = 2057
Property(C): ComputerName = RIGI-DC
Property(C): SystemLanguageID = 2057
Property(C): ScreenX = 1600
Property(C): ScreenY = 900
Property(C): CaptionHeight = 23
Property(C): BorderTop = 1
Property(C): BorderSide = 1
Property(C): TextHeight = 16
Property(C): TextInternalLeading = 3
Property(C): ColorBits = 32
Property(C): TTCSupport = 1
Property(C): Time = 11:45:38
Property(C): Date = 16/12/2019
Property(C): MsiNetAssemblySupport = 4.8.3761.0
Property(C): MsiWin32AssemblySupport = 6.3.14393.0
Property(C): RedirectedDllSupport = 2
Property(C): MsiRunningElevated = 1
Property(C): DATABASE = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\SageMTDforVAT.msi
Property(C): OriginalDatabase = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\SageMTDforVAT.msi
Property(C): SOURCEDIR = C:\Users\administrator.EXAMPLE\Downloads\
Property(C): VersionHandler = 5.00
Property(C): UILevel = 5
Property(C): ACTION = INSTALL
Property(C): EXECUTEACTION = INSTALL
Property(C): ROOTDRIVE = E:\
Property(C): CostingComplete = 1
Property(C): OutOfDiskSpace = 0
Property(C): OutOfNoRbDiskSpace = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceAvailable = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceRequired = 0
Property(C): PrimaryVolumeSpaceRemaining = 0
Property(C): INSTALLLEVEL = 1
=== Logging stopped: 16/12/2019 11:45:38 ===
MSI (c) (90:54) [11:45:38:889]: Product: Sage MTD for VAT -- Installation failed.
MSI (c) (90:54) [11:45:38:889]: Windows Installer installed the product. Product Name: Sage MTD for VAT. Product Version: 1.0.0.0. Product Language: 1033. Manufacturer: Sage UK Limited. Installation success or error status: 1603.
如能得到任何建议我将不胜感激，这让我头疼不已！
答案1
令人难以置信的是，这是打印后台处理程序导致的众多问题。 重新启动打印后台处理程序可以解决所有提到的问题。 我无法完全解释过去一年里这给我带来的所有麻烦。
Windows 备份停止工作，所有安装程序停止工作，服务器无法添加/删除角色...我甚至修复了事件日志中出现的每个错误，但每 3-4 天服务器仍然会以这些方式停止运行。
我仍在调查问题的确切原因（因为我刚刚才发现这个问题），但目前我只能在问题发生时重新启动服务。我在这里找到了这个报告的“修复”： https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/6f728e8f-86ce-44f2-8694-6b36b2c644df/dism-error-during-server-manager-refresh?forum=ws2016
导致我出现此错误的原因如下：
The Deployment provider failed to initialize DISM. Error: 0x80070008