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MacOS 上 rsync 脚本中的环境变量中的空格问题

tag-icon • tag-icon macos rsync environment-variables bash-scripting escaping
MacOS 上 rsync 脚本中的环境变量中的空格问题

我有一个 Bash 脚本，计划运行该脚本进行每日备份（我的主目录是 /Volumes/Norman Data/me）：

#!/bin/bash

# Halt the script on any errors.
set -e

# Remote server where
remote_server="example.com"

# Destination Folder on Remote Server
target_path="backup/"

# User (with sshy key) on remote server
usr="me"


# ${HOME} evaluates to '/Volumes/Norman Data/me'
# A list of absolute paths to backup. 
include_paths=(
  # "~/.ssh"
  # "~/.bash_history"
  "${HOME}/.bash_profile"
  # "~/.vimrc"
  # "~/.gitconfig"
  # "~/.gitignore"
  # "~/.zshrc"
  # "~/Artifacts"
  "${HOME}/Documents" 
  "--exclude=remote"
  # "~/Downloads"
  # "~/Desktop"
  # "~/Pictures"
  # "~/Projects --exclude 'remote'"
  # "~/Movies"
)

# A list of folder names and files to exclude.
exclude_paths=(
  ".bundle"
  "node_modules"
  "tmp"
)

# Passing list of paths to exclude
for item in "${exclude_paths[@]}"
do
  exclude_flags="${exclude_flags} --exclude=${item}"
done

# Passing list of paths to copy
for item in "${include_paths[@]}"
do
  include_args="${include_args} '${item}'"
done


str="rsync -auvzP ${exclude_flags} ${include_args} ${usr}@${remote_server}:${target_path}"
echo "Running: ${str}"
${str}

运行结果为：

building file list ... 
rsync: link_stat "/Volumes/Norman" failed: No such file or directory (2)
rsync: link_stat "/Volumes/Norman Data/me/Data/me/.bash_profile" failed: No such file or directory (2)
rsync: link_stat "/Volumes/Norman" failed: No such file or directory (2)
rsync: link_stat "/Volumes/Norman Data/me/Data/me/Documents" failed: No such file or directory (2)
0 files to consider

sent 29 bytes  received 20 bytes  32.67 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
rsync error: some files could not be transferred (code 23) at 
/BuildRoot/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/rsync/rsync-52/rsync/main.c(996) [sender=2.6.9]

据我所知，my 值中的空格HOME造成了问题。我以为引用它就"${HOME}/.bash_profile"可以解决空格问题。而且似乎确实如此。我的意思是，我从中获取的值echo "Running: ${str}"是

rsync -auvzP  --exclude=.bundle --exclude=node_modules --exclude=tmp  '/Volumes/Norman Data/me/.bash_profile' '/Volumes/Norman Data/me/Documents' --exclude=remote [email protected]:backup/

当我直接在终端中运行它或将其粘贴到脚本中（代替）时${str}，它会按预期工作。上述错误仅在使用变量时发生。

似乎无法弄清楚我遗漏了什么。有人能解释一下吗？

** 脚本改编自https://gitlab.com/ramawat/randomhacks/blob/master/backup_script.txt

答案1

使用数组来保存参数是正确的，但是您不应该尝试将数组展平为单个字符串，因为当作为命令运行时需要将其拆分为单词，并且会出现引用问题。

只需在整个脚本中使用数组，例如在数组中累积命令cmd：

cmd=(rsync -auvzP)
for item in "${exclude_paths[@]}"
do  cmd+=("--exclude=${item}")
done
for item in "${include_paths[@]}"
do  cmd+=("${item}")
done

cmd+=("${usr}@${remote_server}:${target_path}")

set -x
"${cmd[@]}"

如果你set -x在最后使用，你会看到 shell 如何将单词保留到单个参数中。它向你展示了它正在使用的概念引用：

+ rsync ... '/Volumes/Norman Data/me/.bash_profile' ...

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