使用另一根电缆将 HDD 连接到同一控制器后，SSD 停止工作。使用 Linux USB live-cd，我在 dmesg 中看到此信息：
20.606155] EXT4-fs (sda2): mounting ext3 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[ 20.607883] EXT4-fs (sda2): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
[ 20.607988] EXT4-fs (sda2): write access will be enabled during recovery
[ 80.888083] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
[ 80.888171] ata1.00: failed command: FLUSH CACHE EXT
[ 80.888254] ata1.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0
res 40/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[ 80.888408] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 80.888487] ata1.00: hard resetting link
[ 81.203935] ata1.01: hard resetting link
[ 82.244056] ata1.01: failed to resume link (SControl 0)
[ 87.444057] ata1.00: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 90.924057] ata1.00: SRST failed (errno=-16)
[ 90.924137] ata1.00: hard resetting link
[ 91.239949] ata1.01: hard resetting link
[ 92.280056] ata1.01: failed to resume link (SControl 0)
[ 97.480057] ata1.00: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 100.959977] ata1.00: SRST failed (errno=-16)
[ 100.960058] ata1.00: hard resetting link
[ 101.274332] ata1.01: hard resetting link
[ 102.311977] ata1.01: failed to resume link (SControl 0)
[ 107.512056] ata1.00: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0)
[ 136.012054] ata1.00: SRST failed (errno=-16)
[ 136.012132] ata1.00: limiting SATA link speed to 1.5 Gbps
[ 136.012216] ata1.00: hard resetting link
[ 136.327925] ata1.01: hard resetting link
[ 137.368056] ata1.01: failed to resume link (SControl 0)
[ 141.068041] ata1.00: SRST failed (errno=-16)
[ 141.079858] ata1.00: reset failed, giving up
[ 141.079929] ata1.00: disabled
[ 141.080011] ata1: EH complete
[ 141.080103] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.080219] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Synchronize Cache(10) 35 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
[ 141.080333] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 141.080502] JBD2: recovery failed
[ 141.080594] EXT4-fs (sda2): error loading journal
[ 141.087107] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.087230] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 1f 07 b8 00 00 00 20 00
[ 141.087337] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 520599552
[ 141.087520] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.087638] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 1f 07 b8 00 00 00 08 00
[ 141.087745] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 520599552
[ 141.087824] Buffer I/O error on dev sda3, logical block 0, async page read
[ 141.094200] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.094323] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 12 c8 00 00 00 20 00
[ 141.094432] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 18008064
[ 141.094612] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.094744] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 12 c8 00 00 00 02 00
[ 141.094851] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 18008064
[ 141.094929] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 0, async page read
[ 141.095053] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.095166] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 12 c8 02 00 00 02 00
[ 141.095273] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 18008066
[ 141.095349] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 1, async page read
[ 141.095458] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.095571] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 12 c8 04 00 00 02 00
[ 141.095677] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 18008068
[ 141.095754] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 2, async page read
[ 141.095860] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 141.095983] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 12 c8 06 00 00 02 00
[ 141.096091] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 18008070
[ 141.096168] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 3, async page read
[ 141.302353] ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
[ 141.308138] ISO 9660 Extensions: RRIP_1991A
[ 143.664195] random: crng init done
[ 143.664278] random: 7 urandom warning(s) missed due to ratelimiting
[ 143.757956] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 143.758080] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 37 e4 36 00 00 00 08 00
[ 143.758187] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 937702912
[ 143.758412] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 143.758544] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 37 e4 36 00 00 00 08 00
[ 143.758650] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 937702912
[ 143.758728] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 117212864, async page read
[ 143.760227] Buffer I/O error on dev sda2, logical block 0, async page read
[ 143.762692] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 117212864, async page read
[ 143.764075] Buffer I/O error on dev sda3, logical block 0, async page read
[ 143.766392] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 117212864, async page read
[ 151.652888] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 151.667361] systemd[1]: systemd 237 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN2 +IDN -PCRE2 default-hierarchy=hybrid)
[ 151.684246] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[ 151.699817] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <mint>.
[ 151.941123] systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.
[ 151.941788] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[ 151.942225] systemd[1]: Reached target User and Group Name Lookups.
[ 151.942969] systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
[ 151.943421] systemd[1]: Reached target Swap.
[ 151.944365] systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice.
[ 151.945030] systemd[1]: Created slice System Slice.
[ 152.194071] lp: driver loaded but no devices found
[ 152.240035] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
[ 152.248140] systemd-journald[831]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[ 152.338874] scsi_io_completion: 24 callbacks suppressed
[ 152.338887] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.338897] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 152.338900] print_req_error: 24 callbacks suppressed
[ 152.338903] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 152.339316] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.339324] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 37 e4 36 00 00 00 08 00
[ 152.339328] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 937702912
[ 152.339519] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.339526] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 37 e4 36 a0 00 00 08 00
[ 152.339530] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 937703072
[ 152.339704] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.339711] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 152.339714] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 152.339865] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.339872] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 08 00
[ 152.339875] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 8
[ 152.340978] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.340986] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 152.340990] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 152.341645] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.341652] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 1f 07 af 80 00 00 08 00
[ 152.341656] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 520597376
[ 152.341854] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.341861] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 1f 07 af f0 00 00 08 00
[ 152.341864] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 520597488
[ 152.342044] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.342051] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 07 52 c8 00 00 00 08 00
[ 152.342054] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 122865664
[ 152.342228] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 152.342235] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 07 52 c8 08 00 00 08 00
[ 152.342239] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 122865672
.... skipped ....
154.024673] buffer_io_error: 11 callbacks suppressed
[ 154.024678] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 117212864, async page read
...
[ 154.558029] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 52428608, async page read
[ 154.558178] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 52428609, async page read
[ 154.558294] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 52428610, async page read
[ 154.558419] Buffer I/O error on dev sda4, logical block 52428611, async page read
[ 154.562397] Buffer I/O error on dev sda2, logical block 49716464, async page read
[ 154.564862] Buffer I/O error on dev sda3, logical block 52137920, async page read
...
339.695928] perf: interrupt took too long (2501 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79750
[ 419.711202] perf: interrupt took too long (3150 > 3126), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 63500
[ 513.633303] perf: interrupt took too long (3944 > 3937), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 50500
[ 671.315820] perf: interrupt took too long (4944 > 4930), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 40250
[ 776.515277] scsi_io_completion: 21 callbacks suppressed
[ 776.515290] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 776.515301] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 776.515304] print_req_error: 21 callbacks suppressed
[ 776.515307] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 776.515388] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 776.515395] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 776.515398] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 776.515406] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 0, async page read
[ 776.515467] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 776.515473] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00
[ 776.515477] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sda, sector 0
[ 776.515482] Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 0, async page read
[ 776.516889] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Read Capacity(16) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 776.516896] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense not available.
[ 776.516966] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Read Capacity(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[ 776.516970] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense not available.
[ 776.517044] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 0 512-byte logical blocks: (0 B/0 B)
[ 776.517155] sda: detected capacity change from 480103981056 to 0
虽然驱动器可以在 BIOS 中检测到，并且在重新启动后，我可以使用 lsblk 查看它的分区表：
mint@mint:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 1.8G 1 loop /rofs
sda 8:0 0 447.1G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 189.7G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 198.9G 0 part
└─sda4 8:4 0 50G 0 part
sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk /cdrom
├─sdb1 8:17 1 1.9G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 1 2.3M 0 part
Smartmontools 无法将其检测为正常运行的设备：
mint@mint:~$ sudo smartctl /dev/sda
...
Short INQUIRY response, skip product id
A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.
但是在尝试运行 fdisk 之后，它消失了并且 fdisk 报告：
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Input/output error
使用 fdisk 之前 hdparm -I 报告：
mint@mint:~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Input/output error
mint@mint:~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
ATA device, with non-removable media
Standards:
Likely used: 1
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 0 0
heads 0 0
sectors/track 0 0
--
Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes
cache/buffer size = unknown
Capabilities:
IORDY not likely
Cannot perform double-word IO
R/W multiple sector transfer: not supported
DMA: not supported
PIO: pio0
如果有任何建议，请采取进一步措施调查此问题（如果有的话），以及对我在此处理的问题的任何解释，我都会欢迎并感激。如果您对这里到底发生了什么一无所知，请不要在这里写“扔进垃圾桶”。提前致谢。