这是一个非常奇怪的情况。我们在 Travis CI 上运行一个基于 alpine 的 docker 容器。然后我们运行ls如下：
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
第一个命令显示文件列表，但缺少一些应该存在的文件（构建图像的一部分，并且在其他平台上调查时确实存在于图像内部）。
示例输出：请注意中的数字file_#
total 108
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2069 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_10_101010_file_1_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1586 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_12_101010_file_3_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1649 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_13_101010_file_4_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1490 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_14_101010_file_5_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 946 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_15_101010_file_6_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2379 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_16_101010_file_7_here.php
第二个命令按预期显示完整的文件列表。
total 192
drwxrwxr-x 1 nginx nginx 4096 Oct 21 06:08 .
drwxrwxr-x 1 nginx nginx 4096 Oct 21 06:08 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2069 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_10_101010_file_1_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1758 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_11_101010_file_2_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1586 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_12_101010_file_3_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1649 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_13_101010_file_4_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1490 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_14_101010_file_5_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 946 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_15_101010_file_6_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2379 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_16_101010_file_7_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1583 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_17_101010_file_8_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 920 Oct 21 06:08 2018_01_18_101010_file_9_here.php
我还注意到第一个命令不显示.和..目录。
为什么会发生这种情况？以及如何避免呢？
顺便说一句：这不仅发生在ls.当应用程序代码第一次尝试列出文件时，它会显示缩小的列表。但再次列出它们会显示完整列表！
以下是@DanilaKiver 和@ClemensKaserer 询问的更多调试命令
输出docker info：
Containers: 4
Running: 4
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 30
Server Version: 18.06.0-ce
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: d64c661f1d51c48782c9cec8fda7604785f93587
runc version: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-1028-gcp
Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 7.298GiB
Name: travis-job-8895eb3f-fd49-4241-af47-47daddf7beb5
ID: AVP5:DERI:ZI6V:ZTOR:KAAL:SPUS:ZQHT:NOOK:6IFE:VCFZ:CHL4:3QAK
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://mirror.gcr.io/
Live Restore Enabled: false
运行以下命令：
dmesg | grep ovl
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME sync & ls -la specific/directory
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
dmesg | grep ovl
docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME dmesg | grep ovl
给出：
# dmesg | grep ovl
[ 178.665709] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 8854 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.665761] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730507] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730554] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777656] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777707] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
# docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME sync & ls -la specific/directory
total 184
drwxrwxr-x 2 travis travis 4096 Oct 21 11:38 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 travis travis 4096 Oct 21 11:38 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1156 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_01_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1758 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_02_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1598 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_03_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1661 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_04_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1502 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_05_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_06_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 2391 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_07_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1583 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_08_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 932 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_09_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1947 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_10_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1484 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_11_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1026 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_12_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 2170 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_13_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1683 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_14_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 999 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_15_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1477 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_16_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1687 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_17_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1619 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_18_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1954 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_19_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1203 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_20_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1024 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_21_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1290 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_22_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1675 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_23_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1411 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_24_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1566 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_25_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_26_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1122 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_27_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1131 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_28_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 3034 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_29_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1866 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_30_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 2068 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_31_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 991 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_32_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 995 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_33_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 933 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_34_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 2238 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_35_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 943 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_36_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1765 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_37_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 2895 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_38_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1501 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_39_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1444 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_40_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1722 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_41_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 1404 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_42_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 941 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_43_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 travis travis 919 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_44_here.php
# docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
total 140
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1758 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_02_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1598 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_03_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1661 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_04_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1502 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_05_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_06_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2391 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_07_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1583 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_08_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1484 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_11_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1026 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_12_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2170 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_13_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1683 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_14_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1477 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_16_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1687 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_17_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1954 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_19_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1203 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_20_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1024 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_21_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1290 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_22_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1675 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_23_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1411 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_24_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1566 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_25_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_26_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1122 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_27_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1131 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_28_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2068 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_31_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 991 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_32_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 995 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_33_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 933 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_34_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2238 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_35_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 943 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_36_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2895 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_38_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1501 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_39_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1444 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_40_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1722 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_41_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1404 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_42_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 941 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_43_here.php
# docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME ls -la specific/directory
total 192
drwxrwxr-x 1 nginx nginx 4096 Oct 21 11:38 .
drwxrwxr-x 1 nginx nginx 4096 Oct 21 11:38 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1156 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_01_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1758 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_02_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1598 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_03_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1661 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_04_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1502 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_05_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_06_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2391 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_07_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1583 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_08_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 932 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_09_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1947 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_10_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1484 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_11_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1026 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_12_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2170 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_13_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1683 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_14_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 999 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_15_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1477 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_16_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1687 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_17_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1619 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_18_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1954 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_19_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1203 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_20_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1024 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_21_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1290 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_22_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1675 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_23_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1411 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_24_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1566 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_25_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 958 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_26_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1122 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_27_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1131 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_28_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 3034 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_29_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1866 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_30_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2068 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_31_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 991 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_32_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 995 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_33_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 933 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_34_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2238 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_35_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 943 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_36_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1765 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_37_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 2895 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_38_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1501 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_39_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1444 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_40_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1722 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_41_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 1404 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_42_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 941 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_43_here.php
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nginx nginx 919 Oct 21 11:38 2018_04_18_000001_file_44_here.php
# dmesg | grep ovl
[ 178.665709] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 8854 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.665761] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730507] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730554] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777656] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777707] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 213.441060] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 9378 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 213.441107] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
# docker exec $CONTAINER_NAME dmesg | grep ovl
[ 178.665709] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 8854 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.665761] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730507] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.730554] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777656] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 9214 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 178.777707] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 213.441060] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 9378 at /build/linux-gcp-yd4gNt/linux-gcp-4.15.0/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c:417 ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
[ 213.441107] RIP: 0010:ovl_iterate+0x25d/0x270 [overlay]
更新：
此问题发生在 Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 上，但在 Ubuntu Bionic 18.04 上不会发生。所以，这似乎是内核中的一个错误，并在以后的版本中得到了解决。
答案1
此问题发生在 Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 上，但在 Ubuntu Bionic 18.04 上不会发生。所以，这似乎是内核中的一个错误，并在以后的版本中得到了解决。
@DanilaKiver 还提到此修复提交这可能与同一问题有关。