Bash 脚本 case 语句包含不执行的测试条件

Bash 脚本 case 语句包含不执行的测试条件

我有一个相当长的脚本(主脚本)。我将把它全部包含在这里,因为我相信它可能与答案有关,所以请不要讨厌我。这个脚本中的所有内容都有效。我唯一遇到困难的是结尾附近的案例 *www1) 和 *www2),它们本质上是相同的。NULL 测试有效,并且输入到 Zentiy 框中的数据在这些情况下得到正确处理。但是,如果我在相应的 Zenity 字段(invoice_number 和 note)中不输入任何内容,else until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do...它将被忽略。在脚本的末尾,我包含了另一个更简化的脚本,仅针对所讨论的案例(简化)。当我运行它时没有问题,一切都按预期工作。这个案例只是从原始案例复制过来的,所以我很困惑为什么一个案例有效,而另一个案例无效。有人愿意帮忙吗?

主要脚本:

#!/bin/bash


work_number="$(zenity --entry --text "ENTER number of work/job entries:" --entry-text "1")"
        a=1

until
        [[ $work_number -lt $a ]]
do

input="$(zenity --forms --title="table work" --text="Add a new job" --separator="," \
       --add-entry="ENTER clientid: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER job_start, -t time without time zone, e.g. '11:45:00', seconds allways zero: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER job_finish, -t time without time zone, e.g. '11:45:00', seconds allways zero: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER number_catchers, -t numeric, must be 0 if no waste has been collected or NULL if it has yet to be assigned to a tip run: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER mower_front, -t numeric:" \
       --add-entry="ENTER mower_back, -t numeric: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER categoryid: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER price, -t numeric: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER invoice_number, -t text: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER note, -t text: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER a tip_runid, -t integer: ")"

psql -tA -U chh1 -d crewdb -c "SELECT SETVAL('work_workid_seq', (SELECT MAX(workid) FROM work), true);" >/dev/null 2>&1
dlink="$(psql -tA -U chh1 -d crewdb -c "SELECT MAX(date_linkid) FROM date_link;")"

startt="$(echo "$input" | awk -F, -v  OFS=, '{print $2}')"
finisht="$(echo "$input" | awk -F, -v  OFS=, '{print $3}')"

st="$( date --date="$startt" +%s  2>/dev/null )"
ft="$( date --date="$finisht" +%s 2>/dev/null )"

if [ -n "$st" -a "$ft" ] ; then

    startt="$(date +%H:%M  -d "$startt"  )"
    finisht="$(date +%H:%M -d "$finisht" )"
    tzdiff="$(( ft - st ))"
else
    tzdiff=0
fi

while [[  ( ( ! "$startt"   =~ ^[0-1][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]$ ) && ( ! "$startt"  =~ ^[0-2][0-3]:[0-5][0-9]$ ) ) ||
          ( ( ! "$finisht"  =~ ^[0-1][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]$ ) && ( ! "$finisht" =~ ^[0-2][0-3]:[0-5][0-9]$ ) ) ||
          ( "$tzdiff" -le 0 )  ]];
do
    var2="$(zenity --forms --title="job start time and/or job finish time are incorrect" --text "Add a job start time and finish_time"  --separator="," \
                   --add-entry="WARNING! Something went wrong. Please enter a valid job start time, e.g. 8:20: " \
                   --add-entry="WARNING! Something went wrong. Please enter a valid job finish time, e.g. 12:30: ")"
    tzdiff=0

    if [ -n "$var2" ] ; then
       b1=$(echo "$var2" | cut -d, -f1 )
       b2=$(echo "$var2" | cut -d, -f2 )

       if [ -n "$b1" -a -n "$b2"  ] ; then
           tz1=$( date --date="$b1" +%s 2>/dev/null )
           tz2=$( date --date="$b2" +%s 2>/dev/null )

           if [ -n "$tz1" -a -n "$tz2" ] ; then
              startt=$(date +%H:%M -d "$b1" )
              finisht=$(date +%H:%M -d "$b2" )
              tzdiff=$(( tz2 - tz1 ))
           fi
       fi
    fi
done

var2="$startt,$finisht"

input="$( echo "$input" | awk -v vard="$dlink" -v vart="$var2" 'BEGIN {  FS="," } { print $1"xxx1" "," vard"ddd" "," vart "," $4"xxx2" "," $5"xxx3" "," $6"xxx4" "," $7"xxx5" "," $8"xxx6" "," $9"www1" "," $10"www2" "," $11"xxx7" ; }' )"

IFS=, read -ra array1 <<<"$input"
out=""

for i in "${array1[@]}"; do

        case "$i" in
        *ddd) out="$out,${i/%ddd/}";;
            
        *xxx1)  if [[ "${i/%xxx1/}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
                
                out="$out,${i/%xxx1/}"

                elif [[ "${i/%xxx1/}" = NULL ]]; then

                    out="$out,${i/%xxx1/}"

                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="clientid field in table work" --text "Add a clientid"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a clientid or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid clientid: ")"

                                    done

                                    out="$out,${var2}"

                fi  
            
                ;;

        *xxx2) if [[ "${i/%xxx2/}" =~ ^[0-9]+([.][0-9]+)?$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx2/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx2/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx2/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+([.][0-9]+)?$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="number of catchers field in table work" --text "Add number of catchers"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter number of catchers or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid number of catchers: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;

        *xxx3) if [[ "${i/%xxx3/}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx3/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx3/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx3/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="front mower wheel hight field in table work" --text "Add front mower wheel hight"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a front mower wheel hight or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid front mower wheel hight: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;

        *xxx4)  if [[ "${i/%xxx4/}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx4/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx4/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx4/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="back mower wheel hight field in table work" --text "Add back mower wheel hight"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a back mower wheel hight or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid back mower wheel hight: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;

        *xxx5)  if [[ "${i/%xxx5/}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx5/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx5/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx5/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="categoryid field in table work" --text "Add a categoryid"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a categoryid or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid categoryid: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;
            
        *xxx6)  if [[ "${i/%xxx6/}" =~ ^[0-9]+([.][0-9]+)?$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx6/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx6/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx6/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+([.][0-9]+)?$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="price field in table work" --text "Add price"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter price or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid price: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;

        *xxx7)  if [[ "${i/%xxx7/}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%xxx7/}"

                                elif [[ "${i/%xxx7/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                        out="$out,${i/%xxx7/}"

                                else    until [[ ${var2} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ ${var2} = NULL ]]; do

                                        var2="$(zenity --forms --title="tip_runid field in table work" --text "Add a tip_runid"  --separator="," \
                                        --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a tip_runid or didn't enter a number. Please enter a valid tip_runid: ")"

                                        done

                                        out="$out,${var2}"

                                fi

                                ;;

        *ttt) out="$out,'${i/%ttt/}:00'";;

        *www1)  if [[ "${i/%www1/}" = NULL ]]; then

                out="$out,${i/%www1/}"

                elif [[ -n "${i/%www1/}" ]]; then

                    out="$out,\$\$${i/%www1/}\$\$"

                else    until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do

                    var2="$(zenity --forms --title="invoice number field in table work" --text "Add a invoice number"  --separator="," \
                                    --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a invoice number. Please enter a invoice number or NULL: ")"

                    if [[ "${var2}" = NULL ]]; then

                        out="$out,${var2}"

                    else

                        out="$out,\$\$${var2}\$\$"

                    fi

                done

                fi
                                ;;

        *www2)  if [[ "${i/%www2/}" = NULL ]]; then

                                out="$out,${i/%www2/}"

                                elif [[ -n "${i/%www2/}" ]]; then

                                        out="$out,\$\$${i/%www2/}\$\$"

                                        else 

                                until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do

                                var2="$(zenityi --forms --title="note field in table work" --text "Add a note"  --separator="," \
                                --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a note. Please enter a note or NULL: ")"

                                        if [[ "${var2}" = NULL ]]; then

                                                out="$out,${var2}"

                                        else

                                                out="$out,\$\$${var2}\$\$"

                                        fi

                done
                
                fi
                                ;;

        *) out="$out,'${i}:00'";;

esac;
done

echo "${out:1}"

let a++

done

简化脚本:

#!/bin/bash

work_number="$(zenity --entry --text "ENTER number of work/job entries:" --entry-text "1")"
        a=1

until
        [[ $work_number -lt $a ]]
do

input="$(zenity --forms --title="table work" --text="Add a new job" --separator="," \
       --add-entry="ENTER a: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER invoice reference field: " \
       --add-entry="ENTER b: ")"

input="$( echo "$input" | awk 'BEGIN {  FS="," } { print $1 "," $2"www1" "," $3 ; }' )"

IFS=, read -ra myarray <<<"$input"
out=""

for i in "${myarray[@]}"; do
        case "$i" in
        

        *www1) if [[ "${i/%www1/}" = NULL ]]; then

      out="$out,${i/%www1/}"

elif [[ -n "${i/%www1/}" ]]; then

      out="$out,\$\$${i/%www1/}\$\$"

else    until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do

            var2="$(zenity --forms --title="invoice number field in table work" --text "Add a invoice number"  --separator="," \
            --add-entry="WARNING! You either forgot to enter a invoice number. Please enter a invoice number or NULL: ")"

                    if [[ "${var2}" = NULL ]]; then

                         out="${var2}"

                    else

                         out="\$\$${var2}\$\$"

                    fi

        done

 fi
 ;;
 esac
done

out="${out#,}"
printf 'out=%s\n' "$out"
echo "$out"

let a++

done

答案1

解释

你正在重复使用var2变量,而没有取消设置它(unset var2)或为其分配一个空字符串(var2='')。因此until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do …; done使用一些旧的非空值,并且代替的代码永远不会被执行。

在简化脚本中,var2当你第一次到达时,它仍然未设置until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do。这就是区别。

每次写的时候,until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; do问问自己变量的当前值(来自上一个循环等)是否重要。如果它不重要,那么就让它不重要:在之前取消设置变量until

另一种方法是将代码组织到函数中。在 Bash 的函数中,您可以定义局部变量。局部变量与主脚本或此函数或其他函数的另一次调用var2无关(如果有的话)。请参阅以了解详情。例如,如果您创建一个函数并在其中定义,那么您将能够在该函数中使用它,而不会受到其他(旧)函数干扰的风险。var2var2help localvalidate_invoice_numberlocal var2until [[ -n "${var2}" ]]; dovar2


例子

下面这段代码是一次有缺陷的尝试,试图从到的范围内获取两个随机数09999在 Bash 中$RANDOM扩展为从到的范围内的一个随机整数0我们32767将继续向 Bash 查询随机数,直到(偶然)得到一个符合我们期望的数。这类似于您查询用户的方法。这不是从所需范围获取随机整数的最快方法,但在这种情况下,它也没有根本缺陷。缺陷在于重用var2,就像在您的代码中一样。发送到 stderr 的诊断消息可以帮助您了解发生了什么。

#!/bin/bash

for i in 1 2; do
   echo "Loop $i starts. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
   until [ "$var2" -lt 10000 ] 2>/dev/null; do
      echo "Trying new random number." >&2
      var2="$RANDOM"
   done
   echo "Expectation met. Printing the result." >&2
   echo "$var2"
   echo "Loop $i ends. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
done

运行代码,你会看到第二个循环根本没有获得新的随机数。现在让我们尝试一下unset

#!/bin/bash

for i in 1 2; do
   echo "Loop $i starts. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
   unset var2
   echo "Loop $i continues. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
   until [ "$var2" -lt 10000 ] 2>/dev/null; do
      echo "Trying new random number." >&2
      var2="$RANDOM"
   done
   echo "Expectation met. Printing the result." >&2
   echo "$var2"
   echo "Loop $i ends. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
done

local var2另一种方法是在函数中使用:

#!/bin/bash

gimme_random () {
   local var2
   echo "Function starts. var2 inside is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
   until [ "$var2" -lt 10000 ] 2>/dev/null; do
      echo "Trying new random number." >&2
      var2="$RANDOM"
   done
   echo "Expectation met. Printing the result." >&2
   echo "$var2"
   echo "Function ends. var2 inside is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
}

for i in 1 2; do
   echo "Loop $i starts. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
   gimme_random
   echo "Loop $i ends. var2 is ${var2:-empty or unset}." >&2
done

这按预期工作。函数内的变量与函数外的变量没有任何联系。当再次运行该函数时,新实例中的变量是该实例的本地变量。

尝试不使用local var2,它的行为将与第一个(有缺陷的)代码片段相同。在这种情况下,var2函数外部和内部(两个实例)是相同的var2

还要注意,如果你只是在一个 shell 中按顺序粘贴代码片段来运行它们,那么var2(除非函数中的本地代码片段)将从一个代码片段保留到另一个代码片段。这甚至会强调问题。

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