我使用 Ubuntu 19.04 一段时间，想尝试一下最近发布的 Pop!_OS 19.10。我想继续使用 GRUB，但是 Pop!_OS（或者也许我在尝试修复时这样做）破坏了我的引导加载程序，所以我重新安装了GRUB- 但现在我无法再启动旧的 Ubuntu 19.04 安装。/dev/sda1无法安装到/boot/efi- 引发错误“未找到 IO 字符集 iso8859-1”。该消息出现后不久，启动过程就会停止并将我置于 shell 中。
我在过去两天搜索了解决方案，并多次尝试擦除并重新安装 grub，但到目前为止没有任何帮助。
我的目标就是设置 GRUB，这样我就可以启动到 Ubuntu 或 Pop!_OS（取决于我选择的菜单项）。
这是我得到的错误：
root@my-laptop: mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
mount: /mnt/efi: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
[ 473.093254] FAT-fs (sda1): IO charset iso8859-1 not found
dmesg | tail -n 150：
[ 2.353284] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bios: version 86.04.8a.00.88
[ 2.353451] ata2.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[ 2.354534] ata2.00: ATA-11: Samsung SSD 860 EVO M.2 2TB, RVT21B6Q, max UDMA/133
[ 2.354537] ata2.00: 3907029168 sectors, multi 1: LBA48 NCQ (depth 32), AA
[ 2.354548] ACPI: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no)
[ 2.355366] acpi device:0f: registered as cooling_device12
[ 2.355456] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input7
[ 2.355500] ACPI: Video Device [PEGP] (multi-head: no rom: yes post: no)
[ 2.355533] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:13/LNXVIDEO:01/input/input8
[ 2.357427] ata2.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 2.357429] ata2.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
[ 2.357431] ata2.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
[ 2.357809] ata2.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[ 2.361467] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 2.361648] scsi 1:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA Samsung SSD 860 1B6Q PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 2.361812] ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[ 2.361843] sd 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 2.361998] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.82 TiB)
[ 2.362008] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 2.362010] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 2.362021] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 2.362095] ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[ 2.364616] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3
[ 2.364782] ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[ 2.365831] fbcon: inteldrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 2.365925] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] supports TCG Opal
[ 2.365926] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 2.394740] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: 8192 MiB GDDR5
[ 2.437942] vga_switcheroo: enabled
[ 2.438013] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 8129246 kiB
[ 2.438013] [TTM] Zone dma32: Available graphics memory: 2097152 kiB
[ 2.438013] [TTM] Initializing pool allocator
[ 2.438015] [TTM] Initializing DMA pool allocator
[ 2.438021] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: VRAM: 8192 MiB
[ 2.438021] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: GART: 536870912 MiB
[ 2.438023] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'A' not found
[ 2.438023] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: BIT table 'L' not found
[ 2.438024] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: TMDS table version 2.0
[ 2.438024] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB version 4.1
[ 2.438025] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 00: 02000f62 00020010
[ 2.438026] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 01: 04011f86 04600010
[ 2.438027] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB outp 02: 04011f82 00020010
[ 2.438027] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB conn 00: 00010061
[ 2.438028] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: DCB conn 01: 01000146
[ 2.461395] [drm] Supports vblank timestamp caching Rev 2 (21.10.2013).
[ 2.461395] [drm] Driver supports precise vblank timestamp query.
[ 2.462649] nouveau 0000:01:00.0: DRM: MM: using COPY for buffer copies
[ 2.525842] [drm] Cannot find any crtc or sizes
[ 2.527699] [drm] Initialized nouveau 1.3.1 20120801 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 1
[ 2.589858] [drm] Cannot find any crtc or sizes
[ 2.653842] [drm] Cannot find any crtc or sizes
[ 2.726531] psmouse serio1: synaptics: queried max coordinates: x [..5666], y [..4688]
[ 2.757308] psmouse serio1: synaptics: queried min coordinates: x [1274..], y [1166..]
[ 2.757312] psmouse serio1: synaptics: Your touchpad (PNP: SYN150d SYN1500 SYN0002 PNP0f13) says it can support a different bus. If i2c-hid and hid-rmi are not used, you might want to try setting psmouse.synaptics_intertouch to 1 and report this to [email protected].
[ 2.818164] psmouse serio1: synaptics: Touchpad model: 1, fw: 8.16, id: 0x1e2b1, caps: 0xf00123/0x840300/0x12e800/0x400000, board id: 3414, fw id: 2667658
[ 2.856833] input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input6
[ 2.974104] usb 2-2: new SuperSpeed Gen 1 USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 2.994817] usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0539, bcdDevice= 2.06
[ 2.994818] usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=10, Product=11, SerialNumber=3
[ 2.994819] usb 2-2: Product: External USB 3.0
[ 2.994819] usb 2-2: Manufacturer: Intenso
[ 2.994820] usb 2-2: SerialNumber: 20120712252C0
[ 2.998739] usb-storage 2-2:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 2.998941] usb-storage 2-2:1.0: Quirks match for vid 152d pid 0539: 4000000
[ 2.998998] scsi host2: usb-storage 2-2:1.0
[ 2.999042] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 3.000000] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 3.121995] usb 1-7: new full-speed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd
[ 3.271983] usb 1-7: New USB device found, idVendor=1038, idProduct=1122, bcdDevice= 2.29
[ 3.271984] usb 1-7: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 3.271984] usb 1-7: Product: SteelSeries KLC
[ 3.271985] usb 1-7: Manufacturer: SteelSeries
[ 3.401966] usb 1-14: new full-speed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd
[ 3.465006] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
[ 3.480361] i915 0000:00:02.0: fb0: inteldrmfb frame buffer device
[ 3.551843] usb 1-14: New USB device found, idVendor=8087, idProduct=0aaa, bcdDevice= 0.02
[ 3.552472] usb 1-14: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0
[ 3.700585] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[ 3.703220] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 3.703908] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 3.705609] hid-generic 0003:1038:1122.0001: hiddev0,hidraw0: USB HID v1.11 Device [SteelSeries SteelSeries KLC] on usb-0000:00:14.0-7/input0
[ 3.706474] input: SteelSeries SteelSeries KLC as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.1/0003:1038:1122.0002/input/input9
[ 3.766197] hid-generic 0003:1038:1122.0002: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Device [SteelSeries SteelSeries KLC] on usb-0000:00:14.0-7/input1
[ 4.010431] scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access Intenso External USB 3.0 0206 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 4.010680] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[ 4.011034] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953523712 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[ 4.011235] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 4.011236] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 27 00 00 00
[ 4.011482] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[ 4.011482] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 4.302455] sdb: sdb1
[ 4.303973] sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 8.565481] mce: CPU0: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565482] mce: CPU6: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565483] mce: CPU5: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565484] mce: CPU3: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565485] mce: CPU1: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565486] mce: CPU11: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565486] mce: CPU9: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565509] mce: CPU7: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565510] mce: CPU6: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565514] mce: CPU2: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565514] mce: CPU8: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565515] mce: CPU10: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.565516] mce: CPU4: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.566541] mce: CPU0: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 8.577445] mce: CPU0: Core temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577446] mce: CPU6: Core temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577496] mce: CPU7: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577497] mce: CPU1: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577497] mce: CPU8: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577498] mce: CPU10: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577499] mce: CPU4: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577500] mce: CPU11: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577500] mce: CPU2: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577501] mce: CPU3: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577501] mce: CPU5: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.577502] mce: CPU9: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.578480] mce: CPU0: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 8.579382] mce: CPU6: Package temperature/speed normal
[ 9.722964] NET: Registered protocol family 38
[ 9.800418] device-mapper: crypt: xts(aes) using implementation "xts-aes-aesni"
[ 9.906440] EXT4-fs (dm-2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 10.030518] systemd[1]: Failed to find module 'autofs4'
[ 10.097955] systemd[1]: systemd 240 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN2 +IDN -PCRE2 default-hierarchy=hybrid)
[ 10.118053] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
[ 10.125292] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <my-laptop>.
[ 10.196986] systemd[1]: /etc/systemd/system/teamviewerd.service:8: PIDFile= references path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating /var/run/teamviewerd.pid → /run/teamviewerd.pid; please update the unit file accordingly.
[ 10.217354] systemd[1]: /etc/systemd/system/anydesk.service:8: PIDFile= references path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating /var/run/anydesk.pid → /run/anydesk.pid; please update the unit file accordingly.
[ 10.233042] systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/spice-vdagentd.service:8: PIDFile= references path below legacy directory /var/run/, updating /var/run/spice-vdagentd/spice-vdagentd.pid → /run/spice-vdagentd/spice-vdagentd.pid; please update the unit file accordingly.
[ 10.236510] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ 10.238535] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket.
[ 10.240439] systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.
[ 10.242323] systemd[1]: Starting of Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point not supported.
[ 10.263104] EXT4-fs (dm-2): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 10.576763] systemd-journald[734]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1
[ 10.684897] Adding 20971516k swap on /dev/mapper/luks-swap. Priority:-2 extents:1 across:20971516k SSFS
[ 10.964560] EXT4-fs (sda2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 10.973934] EXT4-fs (dm-3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[ 10.980548] FAT-fs (sda1): IO charset iso8859-1 not found
[ 11.042392] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-xpdfimport" pid=1180 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043052] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe" pid=1176 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043054] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="nvidia_modprobe//kmod" pid=1176 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043162] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/sbin/ippusbxd" pid=1178 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043414] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-senddoc" pid=1184 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043533] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-oopslash" pid=1181 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043563] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine" pid=1179 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043565] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine//mount-namespace-capture-helper" pid=1179 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043793] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/bin/man" pid=1177 comm="apparmor_parser"
[ 11.043795] audit: type=1400 audit(1572097473.688:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="man_filter" pid=1177 comm="apparmor_parser"
我像这样对驱动器进行分区：
/dev/sda1- 500MB - FAT32 - EFI 系统分区 (/boot/efi)/dev/sda2- 500MB - EXT4 - 启动分区 (/boot)/dev/sda3- - LUKS 上的 LVM/dev/luks/swap- 20GB - 交换/dev/luks/ubuntu-19_04- 35GB - EXT4 - Ubuntu 19.04 根分区 (/)/dev/luks/PopOS-19_10- 30GB - EXT4 - Pop!_OS 19.10 根分区 (/)/dev/luks/tmproot- 25GB - EXT4 - 临时 ubuntu 19.04 根分区（/，我正在使用这个（几乎全新的）安装来写这篇文章并尝试修复我的系统）/dev/luks/data- - EXT4 - 数据分区 (/disks/main)
块：
root@tmp-os:/# blkid
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop2: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop3: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop4: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop5: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop6: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop7: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="A96B-7B47" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="c0960fdd-bbf3-497f-bbcd-c75d671a1682"
/dev/sda2: UUID="d52d7993-7e37-4ec4-94aa-8f69e97ce836" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="625dd12b-d9c9-4cd0-b09c-8b6b708e998e"
/dev/sda3: UUID="7d295d1c-863f-4ba1-9c84-5e91e3d24b18" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTLABEL="luks" PARTUUID="0fb4ecc8-9857-49ee-95bb-4e756e0834f6"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="myHDD" UUID="c489e309-8b25-49cb-97c3-a5f8b8ba3fe5" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="3b3c5177-01"
/dev/mapper/luks: UUID="0FZHWe-Os0U-JJZ9-bbKP-fvmN-WY7i-x4EU0c" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/luks-swap: UUID="a2a4712b-b7b3-485f-8346-66c8e38252f9" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/luks-ubuntu--19_04: LABEL="Ubuntu 19.04" UUID="c9ab03a5-a047-4f06-a93f-db38d166b91e" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/luks-data: UUID="86f5d13d-f1e3-4861-84ed-acd4da88d015" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/luks-PopOS--19_10: LABEL="Pop!_OS 19.10" UUID="9fe65b62-0546-4325-a137-b0edcd4b34b7" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/luks-tmproot: UUID="a5121223-8d75-4358-aa3b-8d9ec35bdb1d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/loop8: TYPE="squashfs"
fdisk -l /dev/sda：
root@tmp-os:/# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: Samsung SSD 860
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B6B1B467-7565-43B4-BA87-638E635B7A10
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1026046 1023999 500M EFI System
/dev/sda2 1026048 2050046 1023999 500M EFI System
/dev/sda3 2050048 3907028991 3904978944 1.8T Linux filesystem
乌班图19.04（非启动操作系统）文件：
/etc/fstab：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/luks-ubuntu--19_04 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=d52d7993-7e37-4ec4-94aa-8f69e97ce836 /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=A96B-7B47 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
/dev/mapper/luks-swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/luks-data /disks/main ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/disks/main/homes/ubuntu-19_04 /home none bind 0 0
/etc/crypttab：
# <target name> <source device> <key file> <options>
luks UUID=7d295d1c-863f-4ba1-9c84-5e91e3d24b18 none luks,discard
自定义 GRUB 菜单项( /etc/grub.d/06_custom):
#!/bin/sh
echo 1>&2 "Adding custom menuentries"
exec tail -n +4 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
menuentry 'Pop!_OS 19.10' {
# I won't tinker with this Pop!_OS menuentry until my main OS can boot again
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3de8a92b-8615-424b-a071-d858ed106007
linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/mapper/luks-PopOS--19_10 ro quiet splash acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009' pcie_aspm=off
initrd /initrd.img
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu 19.04' {
recordfail=1
insmod gzio
insmod part_gpt
insmod ext2
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d52d7993-7e37-4ec4-94aa-8f69e97ce836
linux /vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic cryptdevice=UUID=7d295d1c-863f-4ba1-9c84-5e91e3d24b18 root=/dev/mapper/luks-ubuntu--19_04 ro acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009' pcie_aspm=off
initrd /initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
}
menuentry 'Shutdown' {
echo "System shutting down..."
halt
}
任何帮助深表感谢！
更新1：
因为我似乎无法在损坏的安装上挂载 fat32 文件系统，所以我只是/boot/efi在 ubuntu 的工作安装时将文件夹内容复制到我的 ext4 驱动器，这样mount --bind /disks/main/efi-backup /boot/efi当我将其放到损坏的 ubuntu 上的 shell 时就可以了。这允许启动计算机，我可以登录并使用我的程序，但有几个设备（即蓝牙、wifi...）无法识别。虽然这不是问题的解决方案，但至少我可以将我的设置复制到工作操作系统。
答案1
您的 Linux 模块目录已被删除。
这种情况发生在系统升级等过程中。您正处于升级过程中，当某些内容被删除linux-modules-$(uname -r)（Ubuntu/Debian 软件包名称）时，您直到下次尝试加载模块时才会注意到。
对于很多人来说，他们拥有在其initrd映像上启动所需的或多或少完整的模块集，这可能是当您尝试挂载 EFI 分区时。也许它在其他地方，但你在这个页面上，所以可能就是这样。
解决方案是重新安装您缺少的软件包；您想要的软件包名称是（同样，特定于 Debian/Ubuntu）：
echo linux-modules-$(uname -r)
如果您无法找到apt install该软件包名称，请尝试用谷歌搜索该软件包名称，看看是否可以找到旧文件的链接archive.ubuntu.com或 Debian 等效文件的链接。您需要安装该modules软件包和该linux-image软件包。
这对我有用。我避免重新启动机器，直到我可以恢复其正在运行的版本的 Linux 模块，然后运行update-grub并dpkg --configure -a重新配置各种 EFI 软件包（当他们尝试挂载 EFI 分区时失败）。