自从我用笔记本电脑（HP Probook 6470b）上的 SSD（ADATA SU650）替换了 HDD 后，我在两个不同的 Linux 安装上都遇到了半一致的文件系统损坏，第一个是 debian 10，第二个是 arch linux。
我有时会在启动时遇到损坏的文件系统，并提示使用 fsck 进行修复。有时一些文件也会损坏。最近一次我的系统无法启动，我卡在 GRUB 上，使用 live cd 启动时出现以下情况：
我将 SSD 插入 Windows 机器并使用 adata ssd 工具箱，它看起来很健康。这也是一个 smartctl 测试，我不确定如何读取这些结果：
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.7.11-arch1-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ADATA SU650
Serial Number: 2J2920009345
LU WWN Device Id: 0 000000 000000000
Firmware Version: V8X01c45
User Capacity: 120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ACS-3, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Sep 28 07:26:24 2020 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 1) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x59) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0002) Does not save SMART data before
entering power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 3) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 11) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0039) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 112
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 187
161 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
162 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2654
163 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 100
164 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
166 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 109
167 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 050 Old_age Always - 0
168 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
169 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 100
171 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
172 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
174 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 23
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 258720
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 030 Old_age Always - 44
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
206 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
207 Unknown_SSD_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 23
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 100
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 198
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 151
249 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 36
250 Read_Error_Retry_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 237
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Aborted by host 40% 90 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 10% 90 -
# 3 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 90 -
# 4 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 60 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 0
Note: revision number not 1 implies that no selective self-test has ever been run
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
我第一次使用 SSD 时它是全新的，会不会有故障？还是我的笔记本电脑有问题？
答案1
对于看似随机的“磁盘损坏”，第一个怀疑是 SATA 电缆和插座。您在另一台机器上的测试似乎证实了这一点。
更换电缆，清洁所有触点，确保机器重新组装时任何连接处都没有压力。轻微的侧向压力可能会造成严重破坏。主板上的标准 SATA 端口规格太低，非常糟糕。