我总是用这张 CD-RW 来刻录发行版的 CD。突然间它就像一张普通的 CD 一样。
当我安装它时，它是这样安装的：
- Proprietary: Root
- Access: Read only
- Group: Root
- Access: Read only
- Other: Read only
我想我可以手动将其安装为读写。结果如下：
alex@Sargon:~$ sudo mount -o rw '/media/cdrom0'
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
我读到，这种“写保护”是在 CD-RW 上写入的内容，以防它在刻录时“最终确定”，但应该可以通过擦除 CD 将其取出。我想，如果我尝试通过 via 做到这一点wodim，就会发生以下情况：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim --devices
wodim: No such file or directory.
Cannot open SCSI driver!
For possible targets try 'wodim --devices' or 'wodim -scanbus'.
For possible transport specifiers try 'wodim dev=help'.
For IDE/ATAPI devices configuration, see the file README.ATAPI.setup from
the wodim documentation.
关于如何进行的想法？
编辑 1 - 2019 年 11 月 6 日
我按照@telcoM 的指示进行操作并得到了一些结果。
我能够安装lsscsi并得到以下输出：
alex@Sargon:~$ lsscsi -g
[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST500LT012-1DG14 SDM1 /dev/sda /dev/sg0
[1:0:0:0] cd/dvd HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 /dev/sr0 /dev/sg1
所以wodim能够得到一些结果。在我看来，它会将其识别为正确的 CD-RW 光盘：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap
wodim: Operation not permitted. Warning: Cannot raise RLIMIT_MEMLOCK limits.
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A:
Does read CD-R media
Does write CD-R media
Does read CD-RW media
Does write CD-RW media
Does read DVD-ROM media
Does read DVD-R media
Does write DVD-R media
Does read DVD-RAM media
Does write DVD-RAM media
Does support test writing
Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
Does read digital audio blocks
Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording
Does read multi-session CDs
Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
Does not read CD bar code
Does read R-W subcode information
Does return R-W subcode de-interleaved and error-corrected
Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
Does return CD media catalog number
Does return CD ISRC information
Does support C2 error pointers
Does not deliver composite A/V data
Does play audio CDs
Number of volume control levels: 256
Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
Does support independent mute setting for each channel
Does not support digital output on port 1
Does not support digital output on port 2
Loading mechanism type: tray
Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
Is currently in a media-locked state
Does not support changing side of disk
Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
Does not support Individual Disk Present feature
Maximum read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x)
Current read speed: 4234 kB/s (CD 24x, DVD 3x)
Maximum write speed: 1764 kB/s (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Current write speed: 1764 kB/s (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV
Buffer size in KB: 512
Copy management revision supported: 1
Number of supported write speeds: 1
Write speed # 0: 1764 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD 10x, DVD 1x)
Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37:
Does write multi speed CD-RW media
Does write high speed CD-RW media
Does write ultra high speed CD-RW media
Does write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media
我仍然不确定此时该做什么。
与此同时，我尝试使用k3b，它也无法擦除磁盘并得到以下输出：
Devices
-----------------------
HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 (/dev/sr0, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-R DL, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD+R DL) [DVD-ROM, DVD-R Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Jump, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite, DVD-RW Sequential, DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD+R Dual Layer, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW] [SAO, TAO, RAW, SAO/R96P, SAO/R96R, RAW/R16, RAW/R96P, RAW/R96R, Restricted Overwrite, Layer Jump] [%7]
System
-----------------------
K3b Version: 2.0.3
KDE Version: 4.14.26
QT Version: 4.8.7
Kernel: 4.9.0-11-amd64
Used versions
-----------------------
cdrecord: 1.1.11
cdrecord
-----------------------
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
Driveropts: 'burnfree'
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x000A (CD-RW)
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording)
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL)
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R)
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW)
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite)
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM)
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM)
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) (current)
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R)
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM)
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk)
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Drive buf size : 362208 = 353 KB
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Current Secsize: 2048
ATIP info from disk:
Indicated writing power: 2
Reference speed: 6
Is not unrestricted
Is erasable
Disk sub type: High speed Rewritable (CAV) media (1)
ATIP start of lead in: -11077 (97:34/23)
ATIP start of lead out: 359849 (79:59/74)
1T speed low: 4 1T speed high: 10
2T speed low: 2 2T speed high: 10
power mult factor: 2 6
recommended erase/write power: 5
A1 values: 24 2C DC
A2 values: 14 A4 4A
A3 values: 04 C4 80
Disk type: Phase change
Manuf. index: 11
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in 2 seconds.
1 seconds.
0 seconds. Operation starts.
Performing OPC...
Blanking PMA, TOC, pregap
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 17.009s timeout 9600s
/usr/bin/wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
/usr/bin/wodim: Some drives do not support all blank types.
/usr/bin/wodim: Try again with wodim blank=all.
cdrecord command:
-----------------------
/usr/bin/wodim -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/sr0 speed=10 -tao driveropts=burnfree blank=fast
我尝试更改权限k3bsetup并尝试将刻录组设置为alex，但它没有改变任何内容。
编辑 2 - 那天晚些时候...
wodim我尝试按照以下建议擦除磁盘：
alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N '
Revision : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Waiting for drive to calm down.
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in 0 seconds. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 24.064s timeout 9600s
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
No chance to quit anymore. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB: A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
cmd finished after 16.381s timeout 9600s
wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
我也尝试过 root 权限，但结果是一样的。
答案1
您有lsscsi可用的命令吗？或者您可以安装它吗？如果可能，请运行lsscsi -g并从列表中识别您的 CD-RW 驱动器。
您的 CD-RW 驱动器可能是/dev/sr0，但它也有一个/dev/sg*与其关联的设备。这是“通用 SCSI 设备”，允许向驱动器发送更专门的命令。输出lsscsi -g应指示哪个通用 SCSI 设备对应于您的 CD-RW 驱动器。
一旦您知道您的 CD-RW 驱动器可以访问（例如）/dev/sg1，您就可以尝试wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap。如果该命令生成一长串 CD/DVD 功能以及您的驱动器对每个功能的支持，那么您就找到了dev=适合您的驱动器的正确参数。
看起来某些更改导致wodim无法自动检测设备：在我的 Debian 10 系统上，也会发生同样的情况，但如果我手动指定设备/dev/sg*，wodim它就会起作用。您可以使用/etc/wodim.conf将特定设备参数设置为 的默认参数wodim，这样您就不必继续键入它。
将 CD-RW 安装为常规可写文件系统需要数据包写入，并且您将使用/dev/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0而不是常规/dev/sr0CD 设备。然而，该pktcdvd驱动程序已被 Linux 内核开发人员标记为已弃用，因为显然很少有人使用它。该驱动程序尚未从内核源代码中删除，但在弃用通知之后，某些发行版可能已将其从标准内核配置中删除。
要擦除（空白）CDRW，wodim即使它看起来无法擦除：
wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force
要摆脱指定dev=参数的需要，您可以通过两个步骤进行编辑/etc/wodim.conf以创建/dev/sg1默认设备：
1.) 通过将此行添加到文件末尾来为设备添加昵称“burner”：
burner= /dev/sg1 -1 -1 burnfree
2.) 编辑CDR_DEVICE文件开头附近的设置以使用昵称：
#CDR_DEVICE=cdrom # this line commented out and the next line added
CDR_DEVICE=burner
答案2
在尝试了几个程序、图形用户界面，甚至切换到 Windows 后，我想知道问题是否可能与驱动器有关。
啊啊……是的。我刚刚转到另一台电脑，并在 30 秒内将其删除。
不知道为什么我可以刻录但无法通过此擦除。去搞清楚。
尽管如此，还是感谢@telcoM 的努力。