今天我连接了外置硬盘来传输文件。一切似乎都运行良好 - 速度不慢，所有文件都显示出来。在传输新文件的过程中，它突然断开连接，我无法重新连接。
我相信其中没有错误，smartctl并且lsblk也显示了它。我尝试运行testdisk，它显示没有可用的分区。我没有运行深度扫描，因为我还没有创建备份映像，也不想弄乱它。每当我将其连接到 Windows 机器时，它都会出现在设备管理器中，没有任何警告，但它不可见并且无法打开。
这可能是什么问题？
更新：
到目前为止，用于ddrescue --no-split /dev/sdb image logfile创建图像失败：
rescued: 0 B, errsize: 9727 MB, current rate: 0 B/s
ipos: 9277 MB, errors: 6412, average rate: 0 B/s
opos: 9277 MB, run time: 4.16 m, successful read: 4.16 m ago
Copying non-tried blocks... Pass 3 (forwards)
dmesg:
[ 947.713433] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 947.713647] ses 6:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device
[ 947.713937] ses 6:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 13
[ 947.714589] ses 6:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0x1
[ 947.714616] ses 6:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19
[ 947.715864] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
...
...
[ 982.772209] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[ 982.772218] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[ 1015.039086] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[ 1015.039128] Dev sdb: unable to read RDB block 0
[ 1015.039188] sdb: unable to read partition table
[ 1015.041932] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 1015.047915] scsi_io_completion: 3688 callbacks suppressed
[ 1015.047922] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1015.047927] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Sense Key : Not Ready [current]
[ 1015.047931] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 Add. Sense: Medium not present
[ 1015.047935] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 3a 37 5f 80 00 00 08 00
[ 1015.047937] print_req_error: 3688 callbacks suppressed
[ 1015.047939] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 976707456
smartctl:
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Black
Device Model: WDC WD3200BEKT-75PVMT1
Serial Number: WD-WX51A33L6540
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6ae08eefd
Firmware Version: 01.01A01
User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Wed Dec 30 14:10:00 2020 PST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 5880) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 61) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 159 136 021 Pre-fail Always - 1025
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1142
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2095
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1107
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 601
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 78
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 178 178 000 Old_age Always - 67059
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 101 063 000 Old_age Always - 42
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 1897
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2423437807
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1617390794
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 195 195 000 Old_age Always - 5
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
dd-rescue 正在这里工作。
操作系统检测到错误并移除了磁盘，因此 ddrescue 无法继续运行。您应该拔下磁盘，重新插入 - 检查它是否仍为 /dev/sdb（或相应地调整命令）并重新运行该命令 - 因为它会写入日志文件，所以它应该从中断的地方继续。您可能需要多次执行此操作。
我确实注意到 ddrescue 有多个版本 - Gnu DDRESCUE 具有不同的语法和略有不同的功能。您正在使用 ddrescue - 我对此了解不多 - 但您可以通过添加 --direct 标志来获得更多信息。
我相信 GNU DDRescue 现在更加标准/常见（它是自 14.04 以来 Ubuntu 存储库中唯一的一个）。您可能想尝试一下。