安全擦除失败后 OCZ SSD 无法工作

安全擦除失败后 OCZ SSD 无法工作

我尝试使用 debian-live-10.7.0-amd64-lxde.iso 上的磁盘 GUI 工具安全擦除 HP N40L MicroServer 中的 60GB OCZ-VERTEX2 SSD。第一次失败了,不幸的是我不记得它抛出了什么错误。

hdparm然后我尝试使用用户密码从终端手动进行安全擦除TEST,但没有成功。

当我连接 SSD 并立即运行时,user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb我得到以下输出:

/dev/sdb:
 
ATA device, with non-removable media
    Model Number:       OCZ-VERTEX2                             
    Serial Number:      OCZ-9QHU0R5W81479602
    Firmware Revision:  1.35    
    Transport:          Serial
Standards:
    Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0028) 
    Supported: 8 7 6 5 
    Likely used: 8
Configuration:
    Logical     max current
    cylinders   16383   16383
    heads       16  16
    sectors/track   63  63
    --
    CHS current addressable sectors:    16514064
    LBA    user addressable sectors:   117231408
    LBA48  user addressable sectors:   117231408
    Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes
    Physical Sector size:                   512 bytes
    Logical Sector-0 offset:                  0 bytes
    device size with M = 1024*1024:       57241 MBytes
    device size with M = 1000*1000:       60022 MBytes (60 GB)
    cache/buffer size  = unknown
    Nominal Media Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Capabilities:
    LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
    Queue depth: 32
    Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
    R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16  Current = 1
    DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
         Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
    PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
         Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
    Enabled Supported:
       *    SMART feature set
            Security Mode feature set
       *    Power Management feature set
       *    Write cache
       *    Look-ahead
            Host Protected Area feature set
       *    WRITE_BUFFER command
       *    READ_BUFFER command
       *    NOP cmd
       *    DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
            SET_MAX security extension
       *    48-bit Address feature set
       *    Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
       *    FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
       *    SMART error logging
       *    SMART self-test
       *    General Purpose Logging feature set
       *    WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
       *    64-bit World wide name
       *    IDLE_IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD
       *    WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
       *    Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
       *    Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
       *    Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
       *    Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
       *    Host-initiated interface power management
       *    Phy event counters
       *    DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
            Device-initiated interface power management
       *    Software settings preservation
       *    SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
       *    SCT Write Same (AC2)
       *    SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
       *    SCT Features Control (AC4)
       *    SCT Data Tables (AC5)
       *    Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 1 block)
       *    Deterministic read data after TRIM
Security: 
        supported
    not enabled
    not locked
    not frozen
    not expired: security count
        supported: enhanced erase
    400min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 400min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5e83a97f0f49e740
    NAA     : 5
    IEEE OUI    : e83a97
    Unique ID   : f0f49e740
Checksum: correct

然而第二次运行它时,我得到:

user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
 HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Input/output error

或者

user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb
 
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]:  70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 40 e0 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 
ATA device, with non-removable media
Standards:
    Likely used: 1
Configuration:
    Logical     max current
    cylinders   0   0
    heads       0   0
    sectors/track   0   0
    --
    Logical/Physical Sector size:           512 bytes
    device size with M = 1024*1024:           0 MBytes
    device size with M = 1000*1000:           0 MBytes 
    cache/buffer size  = unknown
Capabilities:
    IORDY not likely
    Cannot perform double-word IO
    R/W multiple sector transfer: not supported
    DMA: not supported
    PIO: pio0 

我无法从磁盘 GUI 工具正确擦除或格式化它,也无法将 Debian 安装到该磁盘。

我可以尝试什么方法来让该驱动器重新工作?

答案1

$ sudo apt install smartmontools将使 smartctl 可用(以及其他功能)

然后我使用它来确定选定的运行时更改

$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb \
| grep --color=自动-E \
  '^(设备 M|ID#| 2| 3| 5| 10|183|184|187|188|196|197|198|201|241|243)'

... 我还没有看到过故障的驱动器,所以无法建议究竟要寻找什么 - 我目前正在跟踪变化。
(我偶尔会将其记录到文件中,并用来diff查看发生了什么变化)。


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART#Known_ATA_S.MART_attributes ...可能有助于理解所显示的值。

这些

  5 重新分配的扇区  
183 运行时坏块  
187 无法纠正的错误计数  
196 重新分配事件计数  

... 和类似情况可能是验证实际发生故障的磁盘最有趣的方法。
对于某个磁盘,上述哪些情况实际上会出现取决于驱动器和制造商;而且看起来可能会有很大差异。

上面的输出示例:

设备型号:HGST HUH721212ALN604
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME 标志值 最差阈值类型 已更新 WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 133 133 054 故障前离线 - 93
  3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 184 184 024 始终预故障 - 366(平均 348)
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 预故障始终 - 0
 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 始终预失败 - 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age 始终 - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age 始终 - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age 离线 - 0

答案2

驱动器现在可以正常工作,但我无法查明问题所在。今天,我通过连接到 Synology NAS 的 eSATA 底座尝试了 SSD。我能够正常格式化和使用驱动器。然后尝试使用连接到 MacBook 的 USB2 底座,我能够从磁盘实用程序中擦除驱动器(打开向磁盘写入随机数据的选项,以增强安全性)。我还能够将文件复制到驱动器,并使用 MD5 校验和验证文件是否正确写入。所以看起来驱动器工作正常。也许 Debian 实时 USB 环境并不理想。我今天卖掉了我的 HP N40L MicroServer,所以我无法在相同情况下再次测试。

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