我尝试使用 debian-live-10.7.0-amd64-lxde.iso 上的磁盘 GUI 工具安全擦除 HP N40L MicroServer 中的 60GB OCZ-VERTEX2 SSD。第一次失败了,不幸的是我不记得它抛出了什么错误。
hdparm
然后我尝试使用用户密码从终端手动进行安全擦除TEST
,但没有成功。
当我连接 SSD 并立即运行时,user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb
我得到以下输出:
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: OCZ-VERTEX2
Serial Number: OCZ-9QHU0R5W81479602
Firmware Revision: 1.35
Transport: Serial
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0028)
Supported: 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 8
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 117231408
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 117231408
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 57241 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 60022 MBytes (60 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 1
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* NOP cmd
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
* IDLE_IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Host-initiated interface power management
* Phy event counters
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
Device-initiated interface power management
* Software settings preservation
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
* SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
* SCT Features Control (AC4)
* SCT Data Tables (AC5)
* Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 1 block)
* Deterministic read data after TRIM
Security:
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
400min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 400min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5e83a97f0f49e740
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : e83a97
Unique ID : f0f49e740
Checksum: correct
然而第二次运行它时,我得到:
user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Input/output error
或者
user@debian:/sbin$ sudo ./hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 40 e0 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
ATA device, with non-removable media
Standards:
Likely used: 1
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 0 0
heads 0 0
sectors/track 0 0
--
Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes
cache/buffer size = unknown
Capabilities:
IORDY not likely
Cannot perform double-word IO
R/W multiple sector transfer: not supported
DMA: not supported
PIO: pio0
我无法从磁盘 GUI 工具正确擦除或格式化它,也无法将 Debian 安装到该磁盘。
我可以尝试什么方法来让该驱动器重新工作?
答案1
$ sudo apt install smartmontools
将使 smartctl 可用(以及其他功能)
然后我使用它来确定选定的运行时更改
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb \ | grep --color=自动-E \ '^(设备 M|ID#| 2| 3| 5| 10|183|184|187|188|196|197|198|201|241|243)'
... 我还没有看到过故障的驱动器,所以无法建议究竟要寻找什么 - 我目前正在跟踪变化。
(我偶尔会将其记录到文件中,并用来diff
查看发生了什么变化)。
这
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART#Known_ATA_S.MART_attributes
...可能有助于理解所显示的值。
这些
5 重新分配的扇区 183 运行时坏块 187 无法纠正的错误计数 196 重新分配事件计数
... 和类似情况可能是验证实际发生故障的磁盘最有趣的方法。
对于某个磁盘,上述哪些情况实际上会出现取决于驱动器和制造商;而且看起来可能会有很大差异。
上面的输出示例:
设备型号:HGST HUH721212ALN604 ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME 标志值 最差阈值类型 已更新 WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 133 133 054 故障前离线 - 93 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 184 184 024 始终预故障 - 366(平均 348) 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 预故障始终 - 0 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 始终预失败 - 0 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age 始终 - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age 始终 - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age 离线 - 0
答案2
驱动器现在可以正常工作,但我无法查明问题所在。今天,我通过连接到 Synology NAS 的 eSATA 底座尝试了 SSD。我能够正常格式化和使用驱动器。然后尝试使用连接到 MacBook 的 USB2 底座,我能够从磁盘实用程序中擦除驱动器(打开向磁盘写入随机数据的选项,以增强安全性)。我还能够将文件复制到驱动器,并使用 MD5 校验和验证文件是否正确写入。所以看起来驱动器工作正常。也许 Debian 实时 USB 环境并不理想。我今天卖掉了我的 HP N40L MicroServer,所以我无法在相同情况下再次测试。