我从 2016 年起就拥有一台 HP Gen8 Microservr，格式化后我就无法再正常启动它了。
以下是相当复杂的设置：
- SATA 端口 1：带有 debian 的 ssd（我曾经从中启动...），
- SATA ODD 和 SATA 端口 2、3、4：在 raid 5 中组装 3TB 驱动器，
我知道不建议这么做，但几个月来我都设法直接启动到第一个 SATA 驱动器，而无需借助 grub usb 启动键
有效的方法：
我可以从“实时”USB 密钥或“Grub 救援密钥”启动。第一个选项是格式化并安装，第二个选项是选择 Debian 并启动。
这个选项很烦人，因为这台机器没有屏幕，我必须按 3 个键才能启动……
无效的方法：
- 直接启动到 SSD。无论
grub-install选择哪种方式，BIOS 都永远不会从它启动。它曾经工作了很多年……我总是设法从第一个 SATA 驱动器启动（无论是否安装了其他磁盘）。我尝试了 AHCI、传统 SATA、b120i 以及我在 bios 和 iLO 中找到的所有其他选项 - 从 USB 密钥启动
grub-install。它多年来一直有效，但现在不行了。我不知道为什么。我还尝试了每个 USB 端口、内部、外部和 SD 卡。 - 从 ODD 启动。它从来没有直接工作过，因为我在 2016 年买它的时候就知道它不会工作。
我无法理解的是
为什么我可以从“救援密钥”/“实时密钥”启动，但不能从 grub 特定安装启动？如何创建可启动的 grub 密钥？
我注意到的是：
- USB 救援密钥和 USB 实时密钥有 3 个分区，如下所示：
GPT PMBR size mismatch (26747 != 4014079) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/sdf: 1.9 GiB, 2055208960 bytes, 4014080 sectors
Disk model: Flash Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F66396F0-7517-4347-8374-89816EFB2200
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdf1 64 275 212 106K Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdf2 276 6035 5760 2.8M EFI System
/dev/sdf3 6036 26699 20664 10.1M Microsoft basic data
- 根据
grub-install选项，grub 引导加载程序键有一个或两个分区，例如：
Disk /dev/sdg: 3.8 GiB, 4009754624 bytes, 7831552 sectors
Disk model: STORE N GO
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
这是我的最后一个问题：
有没有办法直接启动而无需人工干预？
三天前它还能用，但之后我格式化了磁盘，我不知道我做了什么让它能用。我感到很惭愧，但就是这样！
在此先感谢您的帮助 ：）
一些输出
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 223.6 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
Disk model: KINGSTON SV300S3
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x17bc4435
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 234430463 234428416 111.8G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 234432510 468860927 234428418 111.8G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 234432512 468860927 234428416 111.8G 83 Linux
The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
Disk /dev/sdb: 2.7 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 547F77B6-7490-46FC-B9AC-AEC3498FC700
Disk /dev/md127: 8.2 TiB, 9001374842880 bytes, 17580810240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 2.7 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
Disk /dev/sdd: 2.7 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 38106669-3829-48CD-8584-2F4EA3D6E2DC
The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
Disk /dev/sde: 2.7 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68E
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 2AA10B22-E7E8-4C0B-B580-F0F7D4C0A23D
GPT PMBR size mismatch (26747 != 4014079) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/sdf: 1.9 GiB, 2055208960 bytes, 4014080 sectors
Disk model: Flash Disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F66396F0-7517-4347-8374-89816EFB2200
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdf1 64 275 212 106K Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdf2 276 6035 5760 2.8M EFI System
/dev/sdf3 6036 26699 20664 10.1M Microsoft basic data
parted -l
Model: ATA KINGSTON SV300S3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 240GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 120GB 120GB primary ext4 boot
2 120GB 240GB 120GB extended
5 120GB 240GB 120GB logical ext4
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will
be used.
OK/Cancel?
OK/Cancel? ok
Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68E (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
Error: /dev/sdc: unrecognised disk label
Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68E (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
OK/Cancel? ok
Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68E (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
Error: The primary GPT table is corrupt, but the backup appears OK, so that will be used.
OK/Cancel? ok
Model: ATA WDC WD30EFRX-68E (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
Model: Generic Flash Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 2055MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 32.8kB 141kB 109kB Gap0 hidden, msftdata
2 141kB 3090kB 2949kB EFI boot partition boot, hidden, esp
3 3090kB 13.7MB 10.6MB hfs+ Gap1 hidden, msftdata
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md127: 9001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 9001GB 9001GB ext4
Model: Verbatim STORE N GO (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdg: 4010MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 4010MB 4010MB fat32
答案1
嗯...我成功了。
基本上我删除了一些步骤回答
以下是我遵循的步骤：
# install grub EFI
sudo apt-get install grub-efi-amd64-bin
# used later to get the MBR file
sudo apt-get install syslinux-common
然后我插入了一把钥匙，fdisk告诉我它在/dev/sdg
# create a GPT table
sudo parted /dev/sdg --script mktable gpt
# create a 9MiB UEFI VFAT partition
sudo parted /dev/sdg --script mkpart EFI fat16 1MiB 10MiB
# and a protected MBR partition table
sudo parted /dev/sdg --script set 1 msftdata on
# fs vfat
sudo mkfs.vfat -n EFI /dev/sdg1
# create a folder to mount the key
mkdir /tmp/usb-efi
sudo mount /dev/sdg1 /tmp/usb-efi
# grub install EFI mode, on the key
sudo grub-install --no-uefi-secure-boot --removable --target=x86_64-efi --boot-directory=/tmp/usb-live/boot/ --efi-directory=/tmp/usb-efi /dev/sdg
# MAGIC copy the MBR GPT the bios can read
sudo dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sdg
sudo umount /dev/sdg*
并且它成功了。BIOS 设法找到密钥并从中启动... 启动画面相当丑陋，可能需要进行一些调整 :)