摆脱意外安装的软件包

Question

除了所有这些繁琐的手动清理工作之外，最后我还编写了一个 Python 脚本来识别所有不在活动存储库中的包，或者安装的版本比存储库中的版本更新的包。

下面的代码是一个快速修复，不会赢得选美比赛，但对我来说它完成了工作。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Identify all packages that are not in active repositories or for
which newer versions are installed.
"""

import re
import subprocess
from pprint import pprint


def get_packages():
    vers = subprocess.run("apt-show-versions", shell=True, capture_output=True)
    vers = vers.stdout.decode("utf-8").splitlines()
    vers = [y for y in (x.strip() for x in vers) if y]
    not_in_archive = {}
    newer_than_archive = {}
    others = {}
    for pkg in vers:
        p = [x.strip() for x in pkg.split(' ', 2)]
        name = p[0]
        vers = p[1]
        status = p[2] if len(p) == 3 else ''
        if vers == 'not' and status == 'installed':
            continue
        if status == 'uptodate':
            continue

        tmp = {name: {'vers': vers}}
        if status == 'installed: No available version in archive':
            not_in_archive.update(tmp)
        elif status == 'newer than version in archive':
            newer_than_archive.update(tmp)
        else:
            others.update(tmp)
            others[name][status] = status

    return not_in_archive, newer_than_archive, others


def get_version(pkg):
    vers = subprocess.run("apt policy {}".format(pkg),
                          shell=True, capture_output=True)
    vers = vers.stdout.decode("utf-8").splitlines()

    vt = re.compile(r'^ +version table:', re.IGNORECASE)
    stars = re.compile(r'^ \*\*\* *')

    res = []

    while True:
        line = vers.pop(0)
        if vt.match(line):
            break

    for i, line in enumerate(vers):
        if line[:8].strip():
            s = line[:5]
            v = line[5:].split(' ', 1)[0]
            installed = bool(stars.match(s))
        else:
            p, a = line[8:].split(' ', 1)
            res.append({'installed': installed,
                        'version': v,
                        'prio': p,
                        'archive': a})
    return res


if __name__ == '__main__':

    missing, newer, rest = get_packages()

    url = re.compile(r'^https?://', re.IGNORECASE)

    res = {}

    for p in newer:
        v = get_version(p)
        for x in v:
            if url.match(x['archive']):
                res[p] = x['version']
                break

    if missing:
        print("===== packages not in repositories =====")
        print(' '.join(p for p in missing))
        print()

    if rest:
        print("===== packages with other status =====")
        pprint(rest)
        print()

    if res:
        print("===== command to downgrade =====")
        print('sudo apt-get install {}'.format(
            ' '.join('{}={}'.format(p, v) for p, v in res.items())))

例如，禁用 darktable 和 kicad PPA 后，我得到

===== packages not in repositories =====
darktable-dbg:amd64 libpng12-0:amd64 zoom:amd64

===== command to downgrade =====
sudo apt-get install darktable:amd64=3.0.1-0ubuntu1 kicad:amd64=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-demos:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-doc-en:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-footprints:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-libraries:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-packages3d:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-symbols:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-templates:all=5.1.5-1

最后一个命令会降级已安装的软件包，并且上面的软件包必须被删除apt-get remove ...。

（我理解如果只是删除 ppa 并且系统中的其他一切都是“干净的”，那么 ppa-purge 是可行的方法，但情况可能并非总是如此）

Answer 1

除了所有这些繁琐的手动清理工作之外，最后我还编写了一个 Python 脚本来识别所有不在活动存储库中的包，或者安装的版本比存储库中的版本更新的包。

下面的代码是一个快速修复，不会赢得选美比赛，但对我来说它完成了工作。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Identify all packages that are not in active repositories or for
which newer versions are installed.
"""

import re
import subprocess
from pprint import pprint


def get_packages():
    vers = subprocess.run("apt-show-versions", shell=True, capture_output=True)
    vers = vers.stdout.decode("utf-8").splitlines()
    vers = [y for y in (x.strip() for x in vers) if y]
    not_in_archive = {}
    newer_than_archive = {}
    others = {}
    for pkg in vers:
        p = [x.strip() for x in pkg.split(' ', 2)]
        name = p[0]
        vers = p[1]
        status = p[2] if len(p) == 3 else ''
        if vers == 'not' and status == 'installed':
            continue
        if status == 'uptodate':
            continue

        tmp = {name: {'vers': vers}}
        if status == 'installed: No available version in archive':
            not_in_archive.update(tmp)
        elif status == 'newer than version in archive':
            newer_than_archive.update(tmp)
        else:
            others.update(tmp)
            others[name][status] = status

    return not_in_archive, newer_than_archive, others


def get_version(pkg):
    vers = subprocess.run("apt policy {}".format(pkg),
                          shell=True, capture_output=True)
    vers = vers.stdout.decode("utf-8").splitlines()

    vt = re.compile(r'^ +version table:', re.IGNORECASE)
    stars = re.compile(r'^ \*\*\* *')

    res = []

    while True:
        line = vers.pop(0)
        if vt.match(line):
            break

    for i, line in enumerate(vers):
        if line[:8].strip():
            s = line[:5]
            v = line[5:].split(' ', 1)[0]
            installed = bool(stars.match(s))
        else:
            p, a = line[8:].split(' ', 1)
            res.append({'installed': installed,
                        'version': v,
                        'prio': p,
                        'archive': a})
    return res


if __name__ == '__main__':

    missing, newer, rest = get_packages()

    url = re.compile(r'^https?://', re.IGNORECASE)

    res = {}

    for p in newer:
        v = get_version(p)
        for x in v:
            if url.match(x['archive']):
                res[p] = x['version']
                break

    if missing:
        print("===== packages not in repositories =====")
        print(' '.join(p for p in missing))
        print()

    if rest:
        print("===== packages with other status =====")
        pprint(rest)
        print()

    if res:
        print("===== command to downgrade =====")
        print('sudo apt-get install {}'.format(
            ' '.join('{}={}'.format(p, v) for p, v in res.items())))

例如，禁用 darktable 和 kicad PPA 后，我得到

===== packages not in repositories =====
darktable-dbg:amd64 libpng12-0:amd64 zoom:amd64

===== command to downgrade =====
sudo apt-get install darktable:amd64=3.0.1-0ubuntu1 kicad:amd64=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-demos:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-doc-en:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-footprints:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-libraries:all=5.1.5+dfsg1-2build2 kicad-packages3d:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-symbols:all=5.1.5-1 kicad-templates:all=5.1.5-1

最后一个命令会降级已安装的软件包，并且上面的软件包必须被删除apt-get remove ...。

（我理解如果只是删除 ppa 并且系统中的其他一切都是“干净的”，那么 ppa-purge 是可行的方法，但情况可能并非总是如此）

摆脱意外安装的软件包

答案1

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