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如何使用 Debian 预置文件在 /etc/apt/sources.list 中设置镜像？

tag-icon • tag-icon debian apt software-installation preseed
如何使用 Debian 预置文件在 /etc/apt/sources.list 中设置镜像？

我正在使用以下工具构建 Debian 10 稳定版（“buster”）的自定义 ISO 映像：预播，并且我的自定义preseed.cfg文件工作完美，除了一件事：我希望它/etc/apt/sources.list使用我选择的存储库进行配置，这样我就不必每次安装新系统时都手动执行此操作。

目标是/etc/apt/sources.list这样的（https 在这里是必需的）：

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free

我的preseed.cfg文件如下所示：

#### Contents of the preconfiguration file (for buster)
### Localization
# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US

# Keyboard selection.
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
# d-i keyboard-configuration/toggle select No toggling

### Network configuration
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string unassigned-hostname
d-i netcfg/get_domain string unassigned-domain
d-i netcfg/hostname string vienna1-preseed

d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string

### Mirror settings
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.us.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string

### Account setup
d-i passwd/root-login boolean false

# To create a normal user account.
d-i passwd/user-fullname string theusername
d-i passwd/username string theusername
d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password $6$qVk198UWGPxpW$tzMYxQyiOrI4ClDJdDGALsyYq1j1IbXWbpem3JevFT9Krqdmt4wKdvtiY8ry3PRh277V6GHzSKP3zSI7jt04Y/

### Clock and time zone setup
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i time/zone string US/Eastern

d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true

### Partitioning
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic

d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true

d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true


# https://serverfault.com/a/622818
d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-next boolean false
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-failed boolean false

### Base system installation
# Configure APT to not install recommended packages by default. Use of this
# option can result in an incomplete system and should only be used by very
# experienced users.
#d-i base-installer/install-recommends boolean false

### Apt setup
# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.
d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true
d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true

### Package selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false

### Boot loader installation
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
d-i grub-installer/bootdev  string default

d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true

答案1

d-i preseed/late_command string中的命令做preseed.cfg你想做的事。我sources.list向 iso 添加了一个自定义文件，然后在安装完成后将其复制过来。将这些命令添加到preseed.cfg.

d-i preseed/late_command string \
cp sources.list /target/etc/apt/sources.list; \
in-target apt-get update; \
in-target apt-get install -y git;

最后两个命令演示了更新软件包列表以及安装 cd (git) 上未包含的软件包。

preseed.cfg以下是我使用 new和 new构建 iso 映像的方法sources.list：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Install dependencies
# sudo apt install isolinux syslinux-utils xorriso

cd ~
mkdir iso
xorriso -osirrox on -indev debian-10.2.0-amd64-netinst.iso -extract / iso/

chmod +w -R iso/install.amd/
gunzip iso/install.amd/initrd.gz
echo preseed.cfg | cpio -H newc -o -A -F iso/install.amd/initrd
echo sources.list | cpio -H newc -o -A -F iso/install.amd/initrd
gzip iso/install.amd/initrd
chmod -w -R iso/install.amd/

cd iso/
chmod +w md5sum.txt
md5sum `find -follow -type f` > md5sum.txt
cd ..

xorriso -as mkisofs -o preseed.iso -isohybrid-mbr /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isohdpfx.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table iso

该脚本假设您正在使用 Debian 10 stable（“buster”）amd64，并且该preseed.cfg文件sources.list位于您用来构建 iso 的任何系统的主目录中。

答案2

d-i preseed/late_command string \
    echo "{{source1}}" > /target/etc/apt/sources.txt; \
    echo "{{source2}}" >> /target/etc/apt/sources.txt; \
    echo "{{source3}}" >> /target/etc/apt/sources.txt; \
    in-target mv /etc/apt/sources.txt /etc/apt/sources.list; \
    in-target chmod 644 /etc/apt/sources.list; \
    in-target apt update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y; \

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