这款笔记本电脑是 2017 Acer Spin 5 SP515-51GN，其内部与 Nitro Spin NP515-51 相同。
笔记本电脑有三个 USB-A 端口和一个 USB-C 端口。为清楚起见，请编辑：所有端口均为 USB 3。没有专用的 USB 2 端口。
症状：所有 USB 3.0+（超高速）设备均可工作，包括通过菊花链式 USB 3 集线器（通过 USB A 或 C 连接）。但是，无法检测到 USB 1/2 设备或集线器。再也没有咔哒咔哒的键盘或花哨的声卡 :(故障前没有可识别的原因或重大事件。Windows 11 和 Linux Mint 中的症状相同。
图 1：USB 设备树查看器，其中 USB 3.0 Kingston 闪存驱动器通过两个 USB 3 集线器连接。USB 2.0 闪存驱动器也已连接但未被检测到。（显示的其他设备是笔记本电脑的内置硬件（键盘等）。注意：F=全速=USB 1，H=高速=USB 2，S=超高速=USB 3。内置硬件正常运行 - 显然是通过全速和高速连接？）
图 2：这些突出显示的行可能是线索吗？“HubIs2.xCapable”是可以在固件/驱动程序中更改的标志吗？
尝试修复：
- 将 Windows 系统还原到问题出现之前的时间
- 通过 Windows 设备管理器卸载并重新安装 USB 根集线器驱动程序
进一步的症状/信息：
- 其中一个 USB-A 端口完全无法使用。最初有两个端口停止工作，但后来其中一个端口又恢复了工作，原因不明。
- 我之前曾拆开过笔记本电脑清理灰尘，因此不能排除机械损坏的可能性。但是，USB 端口直接焊接在主板上，因此排除了连接器松动的可能性。
这是硬件/控制器信息。如果有必要，我可能（也许）能够找到故障前该信息的屏幕截图。
========================== My Computer ==========================
Operating System : Windows 10 Home: NT10.0 Build 22000.556 Version 2009 SP0 type=1 suite=300 x64
Computer Name : S22
Admin Privileges : yes
UsbTreeView Version : 3.7.2.0 (x64)
USB Host Controllers : 1
USB Root Hubs : 1
USB Standard Hubs : 0
USB Peripheral Devices : 4
===================== USB Host Controller =======================
+++++++++++++++++ Device Information ++++++++++++++++++
Friendly Name : Intel(R) USB 3.0 eXtensible Host Controller - 1.0 (Microsoft)
Device Description : USB xHCI Compliant Host Controller
Device Path : \\?\PCI#VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&SUBSYS_12341025&REV_21#3&11583659&0&A0#{3abf6f2d-71c4-462a-8a92-1e6861e6af27} (GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HOST_CONTROLLER)
Kernel Name : \Device\NTPNP_PCI0003
Device ID : PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&SUBSYS_12341025&REV_21\3&11583659&0&A0
Vendor : Intel
Hardware IDs : PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&SUBSYS_12341025&REV_21 PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&SUBSYS_12341025 PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&CC_0C0330 PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_9D2F&CC_0C03
Driver KeyName : {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}\0000 (GUID_DEVCLASS_USB)
Driver : \SystemRoot\System32\drivers\USBXHCI.SYS (Version: 10.0.22000.469 Date: 2022-01-28)
Driver Inf : C:\WINDOWS\inf\usbxhci.inf
Legacy BusType : PCIBus
Class : USB
Class GUID : {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000} (GUID_DEVCLASS_USB)
Service : USBXHCI
Enumerator : PCI
Location Info : PCI bus 0, device 20, function 0
Manufacturer Info : Generic USB xHCI Host Controller
Capabilities : 0x00 (-)
Status : 0x0180000A (DN_DRIVER_LOADED, DN_STARTED, DN_NT_ENUMERATOR, DN_NT_DRIVER)
Problem Code : 0
Address : 1310720 (0x140000)
HcDisableSelectiveSuspend: 0
EnableSelectiveSuspend : 0
SelectiveSuspendEnabled : 0
EnhancedPowerMgmtEnabled : 0
IdleInWorkingState : 1
WakeFromSleepState : 0
Power State : D0 (supported: D0, D3, wake from D3)
Child Device 1 : USB Root Hub (USB 3.0)
Device Path : \\?\USB#ROOT_HUB30#4&20cdc8ed&1&0#{f18a0e88-c30c-11d0-8815-00a0c906bed8} (GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HUB)
Kernel Name : \Device\USBPDO-0
Device ID : USB\ROOT_HUB30\4&20CDC8ED&1&0
Class : USB
Driver KeyName : {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}\0001 (GUID_DEVCLASS_USB)
Service : USBHUB3
LocationPaths : PCIROOT(0)#PCI(1400)#USBROOT(0) ACPI(_SB_)#ACPI(PCI0)#ACPI(XHC_)#ACPI(RHUB)
--------------- USB Hostcontroller Info0 --------------
PciVendorId : 0x8086 (Intel)
PciDeviceId : 0x9D2F
PciRevision : 0x21
NumberOfRootPorts : 0x0C (12 Ports)
ControllerFlavor : 0x00 (0 = USB_HcGeneric)
HcFeatureFlags : 0x08
Port Power Switching : no
Selective Suspend : no
Legacy BIOS : no
Roothub Symbolic Link : USB#ROOT_HUB30#4&20cdc8ed&1&0#{f18a0e88-c30c-11d0-8815-00a0c906bed8}
----------- USB Hostcontroller BusStatistics ----------
DeviceCount : 0x05 (5)
CurrentSystemTime : 0x01D833A051FD1A0F (2022-03-09 11:27:47)
CurrentUsbFrame : 0x4422E6 (4465382)
BulkBytes : 0x00 (0)
IsoBytes : 0x00 (0)
InterruptBytes : 0x00 (0)
ControlDataBytes : 0x00 (0)
PciInterruptCount : 0x01 (1)
HardResetCount : 0x00 (0)
WorkerSignalCount : 0x00 (0)
CommonBufferBytes : 0x00 (0)
WorkerIdleTimeMs : 0x00 (0)
RootHubEnabled : 0x01 (yes)
RootHubDevicePowerState : 0x00 (D0)
Unused : 0x00 (0)
NameIndex : 0x00 (0)
------ USB Hostcontroller Driver Version Params -------
DriverTrackingCode : 0x04
USBDI_Version : 0x600
USBUSER_Version : 0x04
CheckedPortDriver : 0x00
CheckedMiniportDriver : 0x00
USB_Version : 0x00
---------- USB Hostcontroller Bandwidth Info ----------
DeviceCount : 0x00000000 (0)
TotalBusBandwidth : 0x0006D600 (448000 bits/ms = 56 MB/s)
Total32secBandwidth : 0x00DAC000 (14336000 bits/32ms = 56 MB/s)
AllocedBulkAndControl : 0x002BC000 (2867200 bits/32ms = 11.200 MB/s = 20%)
AllocedIso : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_1ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_2ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_4ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_8ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_16ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
AllocedInterrupt_32ms : 0x00000000 (0 bits/32ms)
-------- USB Hostcontroller Power States Info ---------
SystemState : S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
HcDevicePowerState : D0 -- -- D3 D3 --
HcDeviceWake : D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3
HcSystemWake : S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3
RhDevicePowerState : -- D3 D3 D2 D2 --
RhDeviceWake : D2 D2 D2 D2 D2 D2
RhSystemWake : S4 S4 S4 S4 S4 S4
LastSystemSleepState : -- -- -- -- -- --
CanWakeup : no no no yes no no
IsPowered : no no no yes no no
========================= USB Root Hub =========================
Sum of Hubs and Devices : 4
Sum of Endpoints : 17
+++++++++++++++++ Device Information ++++++++++++++++++
Device Description : USB Root Hub (USB 3.0)
Device Path : \\?\USB#ROOT_HUB30#4&20cdc8ed&1&0#{f18a0e88-c30c-11d0-8815-00a0c906bed8} (GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HUB)
Kernel Name : \Device\USBPDO-0
Device ID : USB\ROOT_HUB30\4&20CDC8ED&1&0
Hardware IDs : USB\ROOT_HUB30&VID8086&PID9D2F&REV0021 USB\ROOT_HUB30&VID8086&PID9D2F USB\ROOT_HUB30
Driver KeyName : {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000}\0001 (GUID_DEVCLASS_USB)
Driver : \SystemRoot\System32\drivers\UsbHub3.sys (Version: 10.0.22000.65 Date: 2021-12-19)
Driver Inf : C:\WINDOWS\inf\usbhub3.inf
Legacy BusType : PNPBus
Class : USB
Class GUID : {36fc9e60-c465-11cf-8056-444553540000} (GUID_DEVCLASS_USB)
Service : USBHUB3
Enumerator : USB
Location Info : -
Manufacturer Info : (Standard USB HUBs)
Capabilities : 0x80 (SurpriseRemovalOK)
Status : 0x0180000A (DN_DRIVER_LOADED, DN_STARTED, DN_NT_ENUMERATOR, DN_NT_DRIVER)
Problem Code : 0
Address : 0
HcDisableSelectiveSuspend: 0
EnableSelectiveSuspend : 0
SelectiveSuspendEnabled : 0
EnhancedPowerMgmtEnabled : 0
IdleInWorkingState : 1
WakeFromSleepState : 0
Power State : D0 (supported: D0, D2, D3, wake from D0, wake from D2)
------------------- USB Hub Descriptor -----------------
bDescriptorLength : 0x09 (9 bytes)
bDescriptorType : 0x29 (Hub Descriptor)
bNumberOfPorts : 0x12 (18 Ports)
wHubCharacteristics : 0x0000
Power switching : Ganged
Compound device : No
Over-current protection : Global
TT Think Time : At most 8 FS bit times
Port Indicators : Not supported
bPowerOnToPowerGood : 0x02 (4 ms)
bHubControlCurrent : 0x00 (0 mA)
*!*ERROR Descriptor too short: DeviceRemovable needs 3 bytes to hold 1+18 bits
*!*ERROR Descriptor too short: PortPwrCtrlMask needs 3 bytes to hold 18 bits
Data (HexDump) : 09 29 12 00 00 02 00 00 00 .).......
HubIsBusPowered : 0x00 (Self Powered)
---------------- Extended USB Hub Descriptor ---------------
HubType : 0x01 (UsbRootHub - a root hub)
HighestPortNumber : 0x12 (18 Ports)
----------------- USB Hub Capabilities ----------------
HubIs2xCapable : 0 (Is not 2.x capable)
Data (HexDump) : 00 00 00 00 ....
--------------- USB Hub Capabilities Ex ---------------
HighSpeedCapable : 0 (No)
HighSpeed : 1 (Yes)
MultiTtCapable : 0 (No)
HubIsMultiTt : 0 (No)
ArmedWakeOnConnect : 0 (No)
IsBusPowered : 0 (No)
IsRoot : 1 (Yes)
Data (HexDump) : 12 00 00 00 ....