我曾经创建过 FreeBSD 内核映像，但是有没有办法将应用程序（例如 SQlite 数据库）包含在映像中？我想要实现的是将映像构建中的应用程序打包为一个。
答案1
有没有办法在图像中包含一个应用程序，例如 SQlite 数据库？
是的。可以。安装您的自定义映像或其中一个公开可用的映像图片并使用包安装软件包。使用选项-r。引用：
-r <root directory>, --rootdir <root directory>
pkg will install all packages within the specified <root
directory>.
笔记：
您还可以在已安装的映像上更新内核和用户空间。使用变量目标目录. 查看主题构建 FreeBSD 以在两个 DESTDIR 中安装或更新。
别忘了卸载图像并销毁配置 单元。
查看论坛挂载映像文件并更改内容。
选择正确的图片。查看论坛下载 FreeBSD 时 ISO 光盘映像安装程序出现混乱！
例子
- 创建记忆盘/dev/md0从图片中
shell> mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 0 -f FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-amd64.raw
- 显示分区
shell> gpart show /dev/md0
=> 3 10552467 md0 GPT (5.0G)
3 123 1 freebsd-boot (62K)
126 66584 2 efi (33M)
66710 2097152 3 freebsd-swap (1.0G)
2163862 8388608 4 freebsd-ufs (4.0G)
- 将分区挂载到/mnt并列出目录
shell> mount -t ufs /dev/md0p4 /mnt
shell> ll /mnt
total 176
drwxr-xr-x 18 root wheel 512 May 12 11:58 ./
drwxr-xr-x 24 root wheel 1024 Aug 21 16:05 ../
-rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 1023 May 12 11:45 .cshrc
-rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 507 May 12 11:45 .profile
-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 6109 May 12 11:58 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 May 12 11:55 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 14 root wheel 1536 May 12 11:58 boot/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 28 root wheel 2048 May 12 11:59 etc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 12 11:59 firstboot
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 2048 May 12 11:55 lib/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 May 12 11:55 libexec/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 media/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 mnt/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 net/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 proc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2560 May 12 11:55 rescue/
drwxr-x--- 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:58 root/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 3072 May 12 11:56 sbin/
drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 tmp/
drwxr-xr-x 14 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 usr/
drwxr-xr-x 24 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 var/
- 安装包sqlite3在指定的根目录中/mnt
shell> pkg -r /mnt install sqlite3
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.conf: 100% 163 B 0.2kB/s 00:01
Fetching packagesite.pkg: 100% 6 MiB 1.7MB/s 00:04
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31759 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 2 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
libedit: 3.1.20210910,1
sqlite3: 3.39.0,1
Number of packages to be installed: 2
The process will require 6 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
[1/2] Fetching sqlite3-3.39.0,1.pkg: 100% 1 MiB 1.4MB/s 00:01
[2/2] Fetching libedit-3.1.20210910,1.pkg: 100% 136 KiB 138.9kB/s 00:01
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/2] Installing libedit-3.1.20210910,1...
[1/2] Extracting libedit-3.1.20210910,1: 100%
[2/2] Installing sqlite3-3.39.0,1...
[2/2] Extracting sqlite3-3.39.0,1: 100%
- 查看已安装的文件
shell> for file in `pkg -r /mnt info -l sqlite3 | grep /usr/local`; do ll /mnt/$file; done
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1727552 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/bin/sqldiff*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1960488 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/bin/sqlite3*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 613415 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/include/sqlite3.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 37310 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/include/sqlite3ext.h
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so@ -> libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0@ -> libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1750208 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 297 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/libdata/pkgconfig/sqlite3.pc
-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 3596 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/man/man1/sqlite3.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 55 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 71 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/PD
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 180 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/catalog.mk
- 卸载镜像并销毁 vnode
shell> umount /mnt
shell> mdconfig -l
md0
shell> mdconfig -d -u 0
shell> mdconfig -l