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擦除硬盘、安装 Debian 并配置 GRUB 的脚本在启动后卡在“GRUB”消息上

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擦除硬盘、安装 Debian 并配置 GRUB 的脚本在启动后卡在“GRUB”消息上

我正在编写一个脚本，该脚本旨在从基于 Debian 的实时映像运行。其目标是从主硬盘驱动器上擦除所有数据，安装 Debian Buster（通过debootstrap），然后配置 GRUB 以允许自动启动系统分区。这是一个大型项目的第一步。

脚本似乎运行正常。但是，当我启动新创建的系统时，屏幕上只显示该单词GRUB，没有其他内容 - 甚至没有 GRUB 提示符。

我错过了什么？这是我目前的脚本：

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Please run script as root user." >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Install prerequisites
apt update
apt install debootstrap

# Wipe out drive and set up GPT table
umount /mnt/*
fuser -km /dev/sda*
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/sda
parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt

# hd0,1
parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 0% 512MB
parted /dev/sda set 1 boot on
parted /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on
yes | mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

# hd0,2
parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 512MB 100%
yes | mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

mkdir -p /mnt/root
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/root

# Set up Operating System
debootstrap --arch=amd64 buster /mnt/root http://deb.debian.org/debian/

mount --bind /dev /mnt/root/dev
mount --bind /proc /mnt/root/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/root/sys

# chroot to install programs
chroot /mnt/root /bin/bash << "EOT"

# Add the community repositories to the sources list
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update -y

# Packages to install
apt install -y grub-pc grub-common
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
update-grub
EOT

答案1

正如一些人在上面的帖子评论中指出的那样，我做错了几件事。

  1. 我一直将 MBR 与 GPT 结合使用。我决定采用较旧的 MBR 方法进行分区，这parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt意味着parted /dev/sda mklabel msdos……
  2. 我需要将我的/boot分区挂载到主文件系统中，即使它位于不同的分区上。挂载/dev/sda2/到mnt/root/boot（如上所述）有效。
  3. 我不需要这个parted /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on命令。
  4. debootstrap不安装内核。我可以从shellapt内部进行安装chroot（如下所示）。

以下是最终实际起作用的脚本：

#!/bin/sh

if ping -q -c 1 -W 1 8.8.8.8 >/dev/null; then
    echo "Internet connection successful."
else
    echo "Internet is not connected. Setup cannot continue."
    exit 1
fi

if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Please run script as root user." >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Install prerequisites
apt update
apt install debootstrap

# Wipe out drive and set up GPT table
umount /mnt/*
fuser -km /dev/sda*
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/sda
parted /dev/sda mklabel msdos

# hd0,1
parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 0% 512MB
parted /dev/sda set 1 boot on
parted /dev/sda set 1 bios_grub on
yes | mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

# hd0,2
parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 512MB 100%
yes | mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

mkdir -p /mnt/root
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/root
mkdir -p /mnt/root/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/root/boot

# Set up Operating System
debootstrap --arch=amd64 buster /mnt/root http://deb.debian.org/debian/

mount --bind /dev /mnt/root/dev
mount --bind /proc /mnt/root/proc
mount --bind /sys /mnt/root/sys

# chroot to install programs
chroot /mnt/root /bin/bash << "EOT"

# Add the community repositories to the sources list
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update -y
apt upgrade -y

# Install Linux kernel
apt install -y linux-image-amd64 grub-pc grub-common
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
echo "GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"\"" > /etc/default/grub
update-grub

# Set up users
apt install -y sudo
useradd agent
echo "root:Shebang01#!" | chpasswd
echo "agent:Shebang01#!" | chpasswd
usermod -aG sudo agent

# Set up internet
echo graphene-hostname > /etc/hostname
echo "auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d" > /etc/network/interfaces
apt install -y network-manager
[5:48 PM]
# Desktop
apt install -y xorg xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-core xinit fonts-liberation fonts-dejavu fonts-droid-fallback fonts-noto fonts-roboto openbox qterminal xscreensaver pulseaudio
echo "/dev/sda2 /   ext4    defaults    0   0" > /etc/fstab

# edit /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/getty\@tty1.service so that ExecStart reads:
# ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --noclear -p "" -a myuser %I $TERM

# Install laptop + portability utilities
# apt install -y wireless-tools acpi-support cpufrequtils acpi wpasupplicant powertop acpid apmd pcmciautils pm-utils anacron avahi-autoipd bluetooth

# Common apps
apt install -y chromium

apt autoremove -y
EOT

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