一段时间以来，每次我重新启动工作站（称为“charm”）后，我都会收到如下电子邮件。
Subject: SMART error (ErrorCount) detected on host: charm
This message was generated by the smartd daemon running on:
host name: charm
DNS domain: jj5.net
The following warning/error was logged by the smartd daemon:
Device: /dev/nvme3, number of Error Log entries increased from 324 to 326
Device info:
PNY CS3140 1TB SSD, S/N:PNY21242106180100094, FW:CS314312, 1.00 TB
For details see host's SYSLOG.
You can also use the smartctl utility for further investigation.
The original message about this issue was sent at Sat Feb 4 12:53:13 2023 AEDT
Another message will be sent in 24 hours if the problem persists.
每次重启时，我都会收到四封这样的电子邮件，工作站中的每个 NVMe SSD 驱动器都会收到一封。从错误电子邮件中可以看到，我的驱动器PNY CS3140 1TB SSD。我有四个。我不认为这个问题只出现在我的 PNY 驱动器上，因为我在另一台使用三星 990 PRO NVMe 驱动器的计算机上也遇到了我在此处描述的相同问题。
当我第一次设置工作站时，我遵循了本文并将我的 ZFS zpools 上的 ashift 设置设为 14。文章说我应该将值增加到 12，而且更高的值也不会有什么坏处。我认为我遇到的 SMART 错误问题可能与此 ZFS ashift 设置有关，所以我重新安装了操作系统（Ubuntu）并重新创建了没有 ashift 设置的 ZFS zpools，如下所示：
DISK1=/dev/disk/by-id/nvme-eui.6479a74fb0c00509
DISK2=/dev/disk/by-id/nvme-eui.6479a74fb0c00507
DISK3=/dev/disk/by-id/nvme-eui.6479a74fb0c004b7
DISK4=/dev/disk/by-id/nvme-eui.6479a74fb0c00508
zpool create -f \
-o autotrim=on \
-O acltype=posixacl -O compression=off \
-O dnodesize=auto -O normalization=formD -O atime=off -O dedup=off \
-O xattr=sa \
best ${DISK1}-part4 ${DISK2}-part4 ${DISK3}-part4 ${DISK4}-part4
zpool create -f \
-o autotrim=on \
-O acltype=posixacl -O compression=lz4 \
-O dnodesize=auto -O normalization=formD -O atime=off -O dedup=on \
-O xattr=sa \
fast mirror ${DISK1}-part5 ${DISK2}-part5 mirror ${DISK3}-part5 ${DISK4}-part5
我让它自动检测 ashift 设置并为我的所有磁盘选择了 9：
$ zdb | grep ashift
ashift: 9
ashift: 9
ashift: 9
ashift: 9
ashift: 9
ashift: 9
你可能也对此感兴趣：
$ cat /proc/partitions | grep -v loop
major minor #blocks name
259 0 976762584 nvme1n1
259 2 1100800 nvme1n1p1
259 3 1048576 nvme1n1p2
259 4 52428800 nvme1n1p3
259 5 104857600 nvme1n1p4
259 6 817324032 nvme1n1p5
259 1 976762584 nvme0n1
259 7 1100800 nvme0n1p1
259 8 1048576 nvme0n1p2
259 9 52428800 nvme0n1p3
259 10 104857600 nvme0n1p4
259 11 817324032 nvme0n1p5
259 12 976762584 nvme2n1
259 14 1100800 nvme2n1p1
259 15 1048576 nvme2n1p2
259 16 52428800 nvme2n1p3
259 17 104857600 nvme2n1p4
259 18 817324032 nvme2n1p5
259 13 976762584 nvme3n1
259 19 1100800 nvme3n1p1
259 20 1048576 nvme3n1p2
259 21 52428800 nvme3n1p3
259 22 104857600 nvme3n1p4
259 23 817324032 nvme3n1p5
9 1 104790016 md1
259 24 104787968 md1p1
9 0 2093056 md0
259 25 2091008 md0p1
11 0 1048575 sr0
和这个：
$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid10] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md0 : active raid10 nvme3n1p2[2] nvme1n1p2[2] nvme2n1p2[0] nvme0n1p2[3]
2093056 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
md1 : active raid10 nvme2n1p3[3] nvme3n1p3[2] nvme1n1p3[0] nvme0n1p3[2]
104790016 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
unused devices: <none>
以下是一些精选输出df：
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1p1 100G 47G 51G 48% /
/dev/md0p1 2.0G 261M 1.6G 15% /boot
/dev/nvme2n1p1 1.1G 6.1M 1.1G 1% /boot/efi
best 325G 128K 325G 1% /best
fast 1006G 128K 1006G 1% /fast
根文件系统是 btrfs。
正如您在我的 SSD 上看到的，我使用分区 2 和 3 作为 mdadm RAID 阵列，使用分区 4 和 5 作为 ZFS zpools“最佳”和“快速”。
电子邮件中的错误消息表明需要检查系统日志以获取更多详细信息，但系统日志中没有太多信息：
$ cat /var/log/syslog | grep smartd
Feb 8 15:20:33 charm smartd[3202]: Device: /dev/nvme2, number of Error Log entries increased from 323 to 324
Feb 8 15:20:33 charm smartd[3202]: Sending warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root ...
Feb 8 15:20:33 charm smartd[3202]: Warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root: successful
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: smartd 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-60-generic] (local build)
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Opened configuration file /etc/smartd.conf
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Drive: DEVICESCAN, implied '-a' Directive on line 21 of file /etc/smartd.conf
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Configuration file /etc/smartd.conf was parsed, found DEVICESCAN, scanning devices
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, opened
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, PNY CS3140 1TB SSD, S/N:PNY21242106180100095, FW:CS314312, 1.00 TB
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list.
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, state read from /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100095.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, opened
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, PNY CS3140 1TB SSD, S/N:PNY21242106180100093, FW:CS314312, 1.00 TB
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list.
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, state read from /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100093.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, opened
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, PNY CS3140 1TB SSD, S/N:PNY21242106180100092, FW:CS314312, 1.00 TB
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list.
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, state read from /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100092.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, opened
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, PNY CS3140 1TB SSD, S/N:PNY21242106180100094, FW:CS314312, 1.00 TB
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list.
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, state read from /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100094.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Monitoring 0 ATA/SATA, 0 SCSI/SAS and 4 NVMe devices
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, number of Error Log entries increased from 318 to 320
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Sending warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root ...
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root: successful
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, number of Error Log entries increased from 321 to 323
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Sending warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root ...
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root: successful
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, number of Error Log entries increased from 324 to 326
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Sending warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root ...
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root: successful
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, number of Error Log entries increased from 324 to 326
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Sending warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root ...
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Warning via /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner to root: successful
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme0, state written to /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100095.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme1, state written to /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100093.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme2, state written to /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100092.nvme.state
Feb 10 13:47:49 charm smartd[3233]: Device: /dev/nvme3, state written to /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.PNY_CS3140_1TB_SSD-PNY21242106180100094.nvme.state
以下是smartctl -xnvme3 设备的一些输出：
# smartctl -x /dev/nvme3
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.0-60-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: PNY CS3140 1TB SSD
Serial Number: PNY21242106180100094
Firmware Version: CS314312
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x1987
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x6479a7
Total NVM Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 [1.00 TB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 1
NVMe Version: 1.4
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 [1.00 TB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64: 6479a7 4fb0c00508
Local Time is: Sat Feb 11 06:57:14 2023 AEDT
Firmware Updates (0x12): 1 Slot, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0017): Security Format Frmw_DL Self_Test
Optional NVM Commands (0x005d): Comp DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat Timestmp
Log Page Attributes (0x08): Telmtry_Lg
Maximum Data Transfer Size: 512 Pages
Warning Comp. Temp. Threshold: 84 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold: 89 Celsius
Supported Power States
St Op Max Active Idle RL RT WL WT Ent_Lat Ex_Lat
0 + 8.80W - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 + 7.10W - - 1 1 1 1 0 0
2 + 5.20W - - 2 2 2 2 0 0
3 - 0.0620W - - 3 3 3 3 2500 7500
4 - 0.0440W - - 4 4 4 4 10500 65000
Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
0 + 512 0 2
1 - 4096 0 1
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning: 0x00
Temperature: 41 Celsius
Available Spare: 100%
Available Spare Threshold: 5%
Percentage Used: 16%
Data Units Read: 21,133,741 [10.8 TB]
Data Units Written: 151,070,190 [77.3 TB]
Host Read Commands: 202,445,947
Host Write Commands: 2,302,434,105
Controller Busy Time: 5,268
Power Cycles: 58
Power On Hours: 7,801
Unsafe Shutdowns: 33
Media and Data Integrity Errors: 0
Error Information Log Entries: 326
Warning Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, 16 of 63 entries)
Num ErrCount SQId CmdId Status PELoc LBA NSID VS
0 326 0 0x1018 0x4004 0x028 0 0 -
所以我不确定错误到底是什么。我不确定是什么原因造成的。我不确定它有多严重（一切似乎都正常）。特别是，我不确定如何解决这个问题。
任何建议，将不胜感激。
答案1
我遇到了同样的问题，但使用的是 Crucial P3 CT4000P3SSD8。我在 Ubuntu 22.04（内核 5.15.0-67-generic）上的 ZFS 镜像池中运行了两个相同的驱动器，每次系统重启都会为每个驱动器的 SMART 错误日志添加 2 个错误。
我安装了 nvme-cli 并运行nvme error-log /dev/<your_drive>。在日志中，我发现错误是0x2002(INVALID_FIELD: A reserved coded value or an unsupported value in a defined field).
我发现此主题在nvme-cligithub 页面上，尤其是此评论来自@keithbusch 的说法：
Sqid 是管理队列，因此错误很可能表明驱动程序或某些工具尝试了您的控制器不支持的无害可选命令。众所周知，设备供应商对于记录这些错误过于拘泥。规范允许这种行为，但并不要求这样做，而且这对任何人都没有帮助。
我认为我们是安全的，只需要学会适应这种过度活跃的伐木……