我安装了此版本的 Apache：
ApacheFriends XAMPP (Basispaket) 版本 1.6.8
- Apache 2.2.9
- MySQL 5.0.67（社区服务器）
- PHP 5.2.6 + PHP 4.4.9 + PEAR
- OpenSSL 0.9.8i
SSL 证书已启用，但如果我尝试访问 https://localhost，则会在浏览器上收到此错误：
localhost uses an unsupported protocol.
ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH
Unsupported protocol
The client and server don't support a common SSL protocol version or cipher suite.
Apache 错误日志：
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:23 2023] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) **name_of_the site** does NOT match server name!?
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) **name_of_the site** does NOT match server name!?
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [notice] Child 9956: Child process is running
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [notice] Child 9956: Acquired the start mutex.
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [notice] Child 9956: Starting 250 worker threads.
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [notice] Child 9956: Starting thread to listen on port 80.
[Fri Apr 07 13:58:24 2023] [notice] Child 9956: Starting thread to listen on port 443.
这是 httpd-ssl.conf 文件：
#
# This is the Apache server configuration file providing SSL support.
# It contains the configuration directives to instruct the server how to
# serve pages over an https connection. For detailing information about these
# directives see <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html>
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#
#
# Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
# Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the SSL library.
# The seed data should be of good random quality.
# WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
# is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
# because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
# it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
# platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
# block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
# Manual for more details.
#
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512
#
# When we also provide SSL we have to listen to the
# standard HTTP port (see above) and to the HTTPS port
#
# Note: Configurations that use IPv6 but not IPv4-mapped addresses need two
# Listen directives: "Listen [::]:443" and "Listen 0.0.0.0:443"
#
Listen 443
##
## SSL Global Context
##
## All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
## the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
##
#
# Some MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
#
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
# Pass Phrase Dialog:
# Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
# The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal
# terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
# Inter-Process Session Cache:
# Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism
# to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
#SSLSessionCache shmcb:logs/ssl_scache(512000)
SSLSessionCache dbm:logs/ssl.scache
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
# Semaphore:
# Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the
# SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization.
SSLMutex default
##
## SSL Virtual Host Context
##
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
# General setup for the virtual host
DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/name_of_the_site"
ServerName localhost:443
ServerAdmin admin@localhost
ErrorLog logs/error.log
<IfModule log_config_module>
CustomLog logs/access.log combined
</IfModule>
# SSL Engine Switch:
# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on
# SSL Cipher Suite:
# List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate.
# See the mod_ssl documentation for a complete list.
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
# Server Certificate:
# Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If
# the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a
# pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. Keep
# in mind that if you have both an RSA and a DSA certificate you
# can configure both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA
# ciphers, etc.)
#SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/snakeoil-rsa.crt
#SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/snakeoil-dsa.crt
# @SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
#Radu
SSLCertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/name_of_the_site.crt
# Server Private Key:
# If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this
# directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if
# you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure
# both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)
#SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl.key/snakeoil-rsa.key
#SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl.key/snakeoil-dsa.key
# @SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl.key/server.key
#Radu
SSLCertificateKeyFile conf/ssl/name_of_the_site.key
# Server Certificate Chain:
# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
# certificate for convinience.
#SSLCertificateChainFile conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt
# Radu
SSLCertificateChainFile conf/ssl/name_of_the_site-chain.pem
# Certificate Authority (CA):
# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCACertificatePath conf/ssl.crt
#SSLCACertificateFile conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
# Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
# Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
# authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
# of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCARevocationPath conf/ssl.crl
#SSLCARevocationFile conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl
# Client Authentication (Type):
# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are
# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a
# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth 10
# Access Control:
# With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based
# on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server
# variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a
# mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation
# for more details.
<Location />
#SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \
# and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \
# and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \
# or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/
</Location>
# SSL Engine Options:
# Set various options for the SSL engine.
# o FakeBasicAuth:
# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that
# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The
# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
# o ExportCertData:
# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
# into CGI scripts.
# o StdEnvVars:
# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
# o StrictRequire:
# This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even
# under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied
# and no other module can change it.
# o OptRenegotiate:
# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
# directives are used in per-directory context.
#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php|php5|php4|php3)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory "C:/xampp/apache/cgi-bin">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
# SSL Protocol Adjustments:
# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
# approach you can use one of the following variables:
# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates
# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
# works correctly.
# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
# "force-response-1.0" for this.
<IfModule setenvif_module>
BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
</IfModule>
# Per-Server Logging:
# The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a
# compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis.
<IfModule log_config_module>
CustomLog logs/ssl_request.log \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>
答案1
这是因为您使用的是 OpenSSL 0.9.8，它仅支持 TLS 1.0。然而，TLS 1.0 不再被视为安全，并且RFC 8996 第 4 节说：
不得使用 TLS 1.0。不得允许从任何版本的 TLS 协商 TLS 1.0。
第 5 节以同样的方式禁止其后继者 TLS 1.1。
假设您的浏览器比较现代，则仅支持 TLS 1.2 和 TLS 1.3（因为 TLS 1.0 和 1.1 不安全且被禁止），但您的 OpenSSL 版本无法支持这些版本。如今，几乎没有任何拥有安全系统的人能够连接到该网站。
OpenSSL 0.9.8 也没有安全更新，如果您实际连接到它，则可能会出现许多漏洞。您的 PHP 版本也是如此。
最好的办法是升级到操作系统支持的发行版（或者，如果您有来自 ApacheFriends 的工具链，则升级到该发行版的受支持版本）。这将附带安全更新和可在现代互联网上运行的 OpenSSL 版本的软件。