我最近将我的外置硬盘掉在了地上，想知道电子部件和机械部件是否损坏。我不知道如何从 smartctl 的输出中找出这一点。在使用过程中，我还想测试我的内置 SSD。我运行了sudo smartctl -t short我的内置 SSD 和外置硬盘。我搜索了网络，但发现大多数值对我来说不可用，而且几乎没有关于我的哪些值重要以及它们的含义的信息。
问题：哪些值是重要的，我该如何解释这些值，我的 SSD 和硬盘各自的结论是什么？
我读到这些值被标准化为 100（0 = 最差，100 = 最好）。如果我考虑到这一点，对于 SSD，温度值较低；对于硬盘，Load_Cycle_Count 和 Free_Fall_Sensor 值较低。但我不确定这些是否真的令人担忧。
顺便说一句，我对两者都做了备份，但不是很频繁，所以我想评估一下情况。
SSD 输出
:~$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-162-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 33614 -
# 2 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 33260 -
# 3 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31886 -
# 4 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31862 -
# 5 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31843 -
# 6 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31808 -
# 7 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31781 -
# 8 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31724 -
# 9 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30974 -
#10 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30956 -
#11 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30916 -
#12 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30865 -
#13 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30733 -
#14 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30411 -
#15 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30189 -
#16 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30123 -
#17 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 27003 -
#18 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 26994 -
#19 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23682 -
#20 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23672 -
#21 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23660 -
:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-162-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Crucial/Micron BX/MX1/2/3/500, M5/600, 1100 SSDs
Device Model: Crucial_CT240M500SSD3
Serial Number: 132609426436
LU WWN Device Id: 5 00a075 109426436
Firmware Version: MU02
User Capacity: 240.057.409.536 bytes [240 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Oct 2 21:12:28 2023 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 1115) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 18) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 3) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x0035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 17
5 Reallocate_NAND_Blk_Cnt 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 16384
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 33614
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 4646
170 Reserved_Block_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 17
171 Program_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
172 Erase_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
173 Ave_Block-Erase_Count 0x0032 078 078 --- Old_age Always - 667
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 252
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total 0x0022 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 2701544260062
183 SATA_Interfac_Downshift 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
184 Error_Correction_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 8985
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 053 001 --- Old_age Always - 47 (0 99 255 128 0)
195 Cumulativ_Corrected_ECC 0x003a 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 4294967295
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 17
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 --- Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
202 Percent_Lifetime_Remain 0x0031 078 078 --- Pre-fail Offline - 22
206 Write_Error_Rate 0x000e 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 33614 -
# 2 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 33260 -
# 3 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31886 -
# 4 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31862 -
# 5 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31843 -
# 6 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31808 -
# 7 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31781 -
# 8 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 31724 -
# 9 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30974 -
#10 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30956 -
#11 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30916 -
#12 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30865 -
#13 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30733 -
#14 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30411 -
#15 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30189 -
#16 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 30123 -
#17 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 27003 -
#18 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 26994 -
#19 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23682 -
#20 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23672 -
#21 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 23660 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
硬盘输出
:~$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sde
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-162-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 42184 -
:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sde
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-162-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 7200.4
Device Model: ST9500420ASG
Serial Number: 5VJ7V4QE
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 02a611c46
Firmware Version: 0002SDM1
User Capacity: 500.107.862.016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Mon Oct 2 21:09:06 2023 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 109) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 3) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 104 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 156006002
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 098 085 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 093 093 020 Old_age Always - 7472
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 6
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 069 057 030 Pre-fail Always - 34427616775
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 052 052 000 Old_age Always - 42184
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 095 095 020 Old_age Always - 5753
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 088 088 000 Old_age Always - 12
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 4295032844
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 063 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 37 (Min/Max 23/37)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 4
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 3793
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 448328
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 037 055 000 Old_age Always - 37 (243 52 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 044 040 000 Old_age Always - 156006002
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 28989 (89 232 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 3926827122
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 2382261124
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 8
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 42184 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
关于 Crucial_CT240M500SSD3：
我认为你应该注意：
5 Reallocate_NAND_Blk_Cnt 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 16384
此（原始）值计算已退出的块数。这些是驱动器确定无法可靠地编程或擦除的块。当前值表示已退出的块与某个保留块阈值。由于当前值为 100，我们必须假设剩余的或保留的块很多，但我不知道这有多可信。16384 对我来说似乎是很多已退出的块，我个人认为这个驱动器不可靠。但我应该补充一点，这在很大程度上取决于个人“品味”。
和
202 Percent_Lifetime_Remain 0x0031 078 078 --- Pre-fail Offline - 22
原始值表示预期使用寿命的百分比，当前值只是 100 -（已使用百分比）。一旦剩余寿命达到零，驱动器将变为只读。
关于 ST9500420ASG
就我个人而言，我从来不相信掉落的硬盘，无论 SMART 是否反映出损坏。但让我们假设您有不同的想法，让我们看看我会关注的 SMART 值：
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 6
我个人会创建整个驱动器的磁盘映像，这样做的目的有两个：
- 如果驱动器确实损坏，我们有备份
- 当我们备份驱动器时，它允许驱动器发现问题。如果遇到问题，我预计重新分配的扇区和可能待处理的扇区的 RAW 值会发生变化。
和
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
如果重新分配和待处理的原始值急剧增加，那么对我来说就可以确认驱动器确实已损坏。
顺便说一下..
希捷的一些原始值似乎高得惊人，但希捷硬盘的问题在于，这些值有时代表多个事物。例如，寻道错误实际上是由一个值表示的寻道 + 错误。我经常遇到有关这个问题和担忧，因此我决定研究一下并写一篇博客文章：
https://www.disktuna.com/big-scary-raw-smart-values-arent-always-bad-news/
答案2
是的，硬盘可能已经损坏，但你很可能会看到损坏的证据。SMART 数据的解释已在此处给出。
然而，智能控制是不是专为测试 SSD 而设计！SSD 是相当耐冲击，即使发生故障，也不会退化部分. SSD 具有其他故障模式。 具体来说，写作写入 RAM 会逐渐损坏存储单元。“大多数 SSD 采用 NAND 闪存技术。这种闪存只能进行有限的编程和擦除次数。”尽管 SSD 配备了额外的存储单元，但最终它们会被用完。为硬盘驱动器反复读写数据可能会损坏 SSD。甚至有试图“优化”SSD 的 Windows 更新，造成早期失效。
执行摘要：如果没有损坏，就不要修理。如果粗略检查显示它能用，并且查看数据显示它在那里，就使用它。请注意，某些硬盘测试可能会损坏它。