我的旧系统运行良好。然后我将主板+CPU 升级到新系统，突然间我无法再从 SSD 启动。GRUB 引导加载程序有时会在“GRUB”、“GRUB 正在加载”或“欢迎使用 GRUB！”消息处停止。然后我从 Grml USB 棒启动。工作正常，但当我尝试访问 SSD 时，内核日志中出现大量错误消息（见下文），无法正常访问。
当我切换回旧主板时，一切都正常。我还将电源换成了超大 850W 电源，以防新主板需要更多电力，将所有电源和 SATA 电缆都换成了新的，当然还尝试了不同的 SATA 端口。结果仍然一样，它适用于旧主板，但不能适用于新主板。
然后我甚至买了一块新的主板$new2 但即使这样我仍然收到了同样的错误消息！
什么原因造成此情况？
$old hardware:
Mainboard: Gigabyte GA-Z370-HD3P
CPU: Intel Core i5-6500
RAM: GSkill F4-2133C15S-8GNT Memory D4 2133 8GB
GPU: NVidia GForce RTX 4060
SSD: 256GB TOSHIBA HG5d Series SSD (THNSNH256GBST); SATA 6Gbit/s (SATA III); 2,5"
M.2: 1TB GIGABYTE GP-GSM2NE3100TNTD
BIOS: SATA set to AHCI; Compatibility Support Mode (CSM) on with SATA set to "legacy"
$new hardware:
Mainboard: ASRock B760M Pro RS/D4
CPU: Intel Core i5-12400F
BIOS: SATA set to AHCI; Compatibility Support Mode (CSM) on with SATA set to "legacy"
$new2 hardware:
Mainboard: Gigabyte B760 Gaming X DDR4
CPU: Intel Core i5-12400F
BIOS: SATA set to AHCI; Compatibility Support Mode (CSM) on with SATA set to "legacy"
我能够使用 USB Grml 救援系统捕获的错误消息：
[ 177.390760] ata5: hard resetting link
[ 177.706269] ata5: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[ 177.708269] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/33
[ 177.708296] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
[ 177.708303] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
[ 177.708308] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
[ 177.708312] sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] tag#2 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 01 0a 00 00 0a 00 00
[ 177.708315] I/O error, dev sda, sector 68096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 21 prio class 2
[ 177.708364] ata5: EH complete
[ 177.754713] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x10000 SErr 0x280100 action 0x6 frozen
[ 177.754725] ata5.00: irq_stat 0x09000000, interface fatal error
[ 177.754728] ata5: SError: { UnrecovData 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 177.754737] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 177.754740] ata5.00: cmd 60/08:80:30:0b:01/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 16 ncq dma 4096 in
res 50/00:80:30:0b:01/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[ 177.754753] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 177.754761] ata5: hard resetting link
...
[ 179.657332] I/O error, dev sda, sector 100352 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
[ 179.657344] ata5: EH complete
[ 179.742717] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0xc0000 SErr 0x280100 action 0x6 frozen
[ 179.742729] ata5.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[ 179.742733] ata5: SError: { UnrecovData 10B8B BadCRC }
[ 179.742742] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 179.742744] ata5.00: cmd 60/00:90:00:96:01/0a:00:00:00:00/40 tag 18 ncq dma 1310720 in
res 50/00:90:00:96:01/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[ 179.742758] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 179.742762] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
[ 179.742764] ata5.00: cmd 60/00:98:00:a0:01/0a:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq dma 1310720 in
res 50/00:90:00:96:01/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[ 179.742773] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
[ 179.742779] ata5: hard resetting link
来自救援棒Linux的更多信息：
# lsscsi
[4:0:0:0] disk ATA TOSHIBA THNSNH25 N101 /dev/sda
[7:0:0:0] cd/dvd HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GH24NSD1 LE00 /dev/sr0
[8:0:0:0] disk USB Disk 3.0 2.00 /dev/sdb
[N:0:1:1] disk GIGABYTE GP-GSM2NE3100TNTD__1 /dev/nvme0n1
# lsscsi -C
[0] ahci
[1] ahci
[2] ahci
[3] ahci
[4] ahci
[5] ahci
[6] ahci
[7] ahci
[8] usb-storage
[N:0] /dev/nvme0 GIGABYTE GP-GSM2NE3100TNTD SN204308901495 EDFM60.0
PS：由于我不敢尝试 MBR2GPT 转换之类的操作，导致我的旧 SSD 无法使用，因此我的下一步是购买新的 m.2 磁盘并使用 GPT 分区重新安装 Windows 和 Linux。但我仍然不知道为什么它不能与新主板一起使用，这让我很烦恼！