昨天，我粉碎了我的 fedora 30 安装，因为由于更新时 nvidia 驱动程序出现一些问题，它一直在我身上死去。然后我安装了 fedora 31 工作站，一切都很顺利，直到我想听点东西。事实证明，fedora 没有检测到任何输入或输出设备，无论是 USB 还是通过音频插孔，我用多个设备对其进行了测试。我在 Fedora 30 安装上没有遇到这个问题，所以硬件应该可以工作（使用 Linux）。
一些在线研究使我相信我的声卡没有被检测到或缺少一些“模块”/驱动程序。
运行以下命令会产生以下结果：
> aplay -l
aplay: device_list:274: no soundcards found...
> lspci -nnk | grep -i -A7 audio
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio [8086:a2f0]
DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Device [1849:1220]
00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller [8086:a2a3]
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Device [1849:a2a3]
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
--
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller [10de:10ef] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:3752]
04:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Motherboard [1849:0612]
Kernel driver in use: ahci
05:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142 USB 3.1 Host Controller [1b21:2142]
Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Device [1849:2142]
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
> lsmod | grep snd
# nothing
> dmesg | grep -iC 3 audio
[ 0.392803] ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
[ 0.392803] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
[ 0.392803] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Dell-Video)
[ 0.392803] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Lenovo-NV-HDMI-Audio)
[ 0.392803] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-HPI-Hybrid-Graphics)
[ 0.419989] ACPI: 9 ACPI AML tables successfully acquired and loaded
[ 0.424314] ACPI: Dynamic OEM Table Load:
> dmesg | grep -iC 3 snd
# again nothing
> alsa-info.sh
ALSA Information Script v 0.4.64
--------------------------------
This script visits the following commands/files to collect diagnostic
information about your ALSA installation and sound related hardware.
dmesg
lspci
aplay
amixer
alsactl
/proc/asound/
/sys/class/sound/
~/.asoundrc (etc.)
See '/usr/sbin/alsa-info.sh --help' for command line options.
cat: /proc/asound/version: No such file or directory
cat: /proc/asound/cards: No such file or directory
cat: /proc/asound/modules: No such file or directory
ls: cannot access '/dev/snd/*': No such file or directory
alsactl: save_state:1595: No soundcards found...
cat: /tmp/alsa-info.5zdMQV29oh/alsactl.tmp: No such file or directory
编辑：输出alsa-info.sh --no-upload
upload=true&script=true&cardinfo=
!!################################
!!ALSA Information Script v 0.4.64
!!################################
!!Script ran on: Sat Apr 4 10:55:14 UTC 2020
!!Linux Distribution
!!------------------
Fedora release 31 (Thirty One) NAME=Fedora ID=fedora PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 31 (Workstation Edition)" LOGO=fedora-logo-icon CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:31" HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/" DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f31/system-administrators-guide/" SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=31 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=31 PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy" Fedora release 31 (Thirty One) Fedora release 31 (Thirty One)
!!DMI Information
!!---------------
Manufacturer: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Product Name: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Product Version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Firmware Version: P3.20
Board Vendor: ASRock
Board Name: Z370 Extreme4
!!ACPI Device Status Information
!!---------------
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/ACPI000C:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT33A1:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/INT3F0D:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0103:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0501:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C02:02/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C02:04/status 3
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C02:06/status 3
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C04:00/status 31
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0C:00/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0E:00/status 11
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:00/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:01/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:02/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:03/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:04/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:05/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:06/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/PNP0C0F:07/status 9
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:7f/status 15
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:8e/status 11
!!Kernel Information
!!------------------
Kernel release: 5.5.13-200.fc31.x86_64
Operating System: GNU/Linux
Architecture: x86_64
Processor: x86_64
SMP Enabled: Yes
!!ALSA Version
!!------------
Driver version:
Library version:
Utilities version: 1.2.2
!!Loaded ALSA modules
!!-------------------
!!Sound Servers on this system
!!----------------------------
Pulseaudio:
Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/pulseaudio)
Running - Yes
Jack:
Installed - Yes (/usr/bin/jackd)
Running - No
!!Soundcards recognised by ALSA
!!-----------------------------
!!PCI Soundcards installed in the system
!!--------------------------------------
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio [8086:a2f0]
DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GP102 HDMI Audio Controller [10de:10ef] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device [1458:3752]
!!Loaded sound module options
!!---------------------------
!!ALSA Device nodes
!!-----------------
!!ALSA configuration files
!!------------------------
!!System wide config file (/etc/asound.conf)
#
# Place your global alsa-lib configuration here...
#
!!Aplay/Arecord output
!!--------------------
APLAY
aplay: device_list:274: no soundcards found...
ARECORD
arecord: device_list:274: no soundcards found...
!!Amixer output
!!-------------
!!Alsactl output
!!--------------
--startcollapse--
--endcollapse--
!!All Loaded Modules
!!------------------
acpi_pad
bridge
coretemp
crc32_pclmul
crc32c_intel
crct10dif_pclmul
drm
drm_kms_helper
e1000e
ebtable_broute
ebtable_filter
ebtable_nat
ebtables
fat
fuse
ghash_clmulni_intel
i2c_i801
iTCO_vendor_support
iTCO_wdt
ie31200_edac
intel_cstate
intel_powerclamp
intel_rapl_common
intel_rapl_msr
intel_rapl_perf
intel_uncore
ip6_tables
ip6t_REJECT
ip6t_rpfilter
ip6table_filter
ip6table_mangle
ip6table_nat
ip6table_raw
ip6table_security
ip_set
ip_tables
ipmi_devintf
ipmi_msghandler
ipt_REJECT
iptable_filter
iptable_mangle
iptable_nat
iptable_raw
iptable_security
irqbypass
joydev
kvm
kvm_intel
libcrc32c
llc
mei
mei_hdcp
mei_me
nf_conntrack
nf_conntrack_broadcast
nf_conntrack_netbios_ns
nf_conntrack_tftp
nf_defrag_ipv4
nf_defrag_ipv6
nf_nat
nf_nat_tftp
nf_reject_ipv4
nf_reject_ipv6
nfnetlink
nvidia
nvidia_drm
nvidia_modeset
nvidia_uvm
nvme
nvme_core
stp
sunrpc
tun
vfat
video
x86_pkg_temp_thermal
xt_CHECKSUM
xt_CT
xt_MASQUERADE
xt_conntrack
!!ALSA/HDA dmesg
!!--------------
[ 0.392719] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Dell-Video)
[ 0.392719] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-Lenovo-NV-HDMI-Audio)
[ 0.392719] ACPI: Added _OSI(Linux-HPI-Hybrid-Graphics)
我正在使用一台没有外置声卡的 asrock z370Extreme4，因此 lspci 找到的板载声卡应该是正确的。内核版本是5.5.13-200.
你们中有人遇到过这种情况吗？这个问题真的很烦我，因为如果我不能和同事交谈，我就无法真正在家办公。
答案1
由于我没有找到解决此问题的真正解决方案，因此我删除了 Fedora 安装并再次重新安装。现在音频可以处理任何问题或额外的修补，所以我猜以前的安装出了问题。