TL;DR：我购买的二手硬盘可以安全地用于备份 NAS 的副本吗？
我购买了四块二手西部数据 3TB Red HDD，并将它们放入我拥有的备用微服务器中。我计划使用此设置作为现有现场（备份）NAS 的辅助异地备份副本。
我已经使用 .NET 在每个驱动器上运行了“扩展自检” smartctl。/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc&上的三个测试/dev/sdd“已完成，没有错误”，但测试/dev/sda“已完成：读取失败”。
- 这些是物理坏块还是逻辑坏块？
- 如果它们符合逻辑，我该如何修复它们？
- 如果它们是物理的，继续使用 RAID 阵列中的驱动器是否安全，或者我真的应该花钱购买新驱动器吗？
我已经阅读了有关“的所有信息”坏块操作方法”页面，但它没有提供与 RAID 阵列相关的任何信息。特别是关于在尝试计算块号时如何考虑 RAID 偏移量。
我正在读这个答案对于类似的问题，有人提到您必须考虑“RAID 数据偏移”，但并没有进一步澄清。他们还有 RAID 1 阵列，而不是 RAID 5。我指的方程式是：
b = (int)((L-S)*512/B)
where:
b = File System block number
B = File system block size in bytes
L = LBA of bad sector
S = Starting sector of partition as shown by fdisk -lu
and (int) denotes the integer part.
另外，从该示例中，当我运行：时，sudo fdisk -lu /dev/md0我只得到以下内容：
> sudo fdisk -lu /dev/md0
Disk /dev/md0: 8.19 TiB, 9001371697152 bytes, 17580804096 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes
我没有看到驱动器表信息，例如：
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
当我运行时我也没有得到更多信息：sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sda
> sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 2.75 TiB, 3000592982016 bytes, 5860533168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WD30EFRX-68A
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
这意味着我不知道分区的起始扇区/dev/sda。如果我使用 RAID 数据偏移值 264192 并将其替换为S等式中的 ，我最终会得到：
[(1342886576 - 264192) * 512] / 4096 = 167827798
如果我然后运行sudo hdparm --read-sector 167827798 /dev/sd0，我会得到reading sector 167827798: succeeded结果。
所以要么我的块/扇区号错误，要么坏块实际上没问题......
有人可以进一步帮助我吗？我已将smartctl输出包含在下面。
/dev/sda
- 智能总体：通过
- 长时间离线：读取失败
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-31-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68AX9N0
Serial Number: WD-WMC1T3647350
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6ae046f8e
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 10:41:12 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 113) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (39900) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 400) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 11
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 185 179 021 Pre-fail Always - 5741
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 41
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 042 042 000 Old_age Always - 42583
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 41
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 27
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 13
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 121 110 000 Old_age Always - 29
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 4
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 1
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 10% 42562 1342886576
# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 42534 1342886576
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 42534 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
/dev/sdb
- 智能总体：通过
- 延长离线时间：已完成且没有错误
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-31-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68AX9N0
Serial Number: WD-WMC1T3613933
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6ae04400b
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 10:47:03 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (40860) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 410) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 1
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 182 176 021 Pre-fail Always - 5858
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 58
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 1
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 085 084 000 Old_age Always - 11555
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 41
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 28
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 12
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 120 111 000 Old_age Always - 30
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 199 199 000 Old_age Always - 1
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 32 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 32 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1796 hours (74 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 42 10 51 6f ae Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 42 10 51 6f ae 00 43d+23:51:57.394 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 03 0c 10 51 6f ae 00 43d+23:51:57.393 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 01 00 00 00 a0 00 43d+23:51:57.392 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.870 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
Error 31 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1796 hours (74 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 0c 10 51 6f ae Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 0c 10 51 6f ae 00 43d+23:51:57.393 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ec 00 01 00 00 00 a0 00 43d+23:51:57.392 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.870 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
Error 30 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1796 hours (74 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 06 00 00 00 40 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.870 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
Error 29 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1796 hours (74 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 06 00 00 00 40 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.867 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
Error 28 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 1796 hours (74 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 06 00 00 00 40 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.869 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.868 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.867 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
ef 90 06 00 00 00 40 00 43d+23:51:38.667 SET FEATURES [Disable SATA feature]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 11531 -
# 2 Extended offline Aborted by host 10% 11521 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 11506 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
/dev/sdc
- 智能总体：通过
- 延长离线时间：已完成且没有错误
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-31-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68AX9N0
Serial Number: WD-WMC1T3643940
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 60359ae37
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 10:48:40 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (40080) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 402) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 182 177 021 Pre-fail Always - 5858
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 042 042 000 Old_age Always - 42582
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 29
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 12
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 120 111 000 Old_age Always - 30
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 42558 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 42543 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
/dev/sdd
- 智能总体：通过
- 延长离线时间：已完成且没有错误
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-31-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68AX9N0
Serial Number: WD-WMC1T3642983
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 658ae70cd
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 10:49:48 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (40320) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 404) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x70bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 181 175 021 Pre-fail Always - 5950
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 047 047 000 Old_age Always - 39003
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 42
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 29
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 12
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 120 112 000 Old_age Always - 30
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 38979 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 38969 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
输出来自 sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
> sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.2
Feature Map : 0x9
Array UUID : 1457ad95:8434aaa1:93949de6:2e100471
Name : remote-nas:0 (local to host remote-nas)
Creation Time : Tue May 19 17:05:24 2020
Raid Level : raid5
Raid Devices : 4
Avail Dev Size : 5860268976 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB)
Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB)
Used Dev Size : 5860268032 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB)
Data Offset : 264192 sectors
Super Offset : 8 sectors
Unused Space : before=264112 sectors, after=944 sectors
State : clean
Device UUID : 7dc7b151:ee18b088:a54a5a7d:201420d3
Internal Bitmap : 8 sectors from superblock
Update Time : Fri May 22 10:02:30 2020
Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 24 sectors - bad blocks present.
Checksum : e90608f7 - correct
Events : 20196
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Device Role : Active device 0
Array State : AAAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
答案1
这些是物理坏块还是逻辑坏块？
两者兼而有之。物理（驱动器本身）是Completed: read failureSMART 测试结果。对于重新分配/待处理/不可纠正的块来说也是一个非零值。
逻辑（mdadm 元数据）位于坏块日志bad blocks present中mdadm。您mdadm --examine-badblocks也可以（针对每个驱动器单独）进行检查。如果多个驱动器上有相同的坏块，md 设备将为这些驱动器返回软读取错误。
继续使用 RAID 阵列中的驱动器是否安全
我不会信任 SMART 失败或数据丢失到不可读扇区的驱动器。更换它，对其进行写入-读取-验证测试，然后做出决定。
如果它们符合逻辑，我该如何修复它们？
mdadm --replace理想情况下，坏块日志条目在有问题的驱动器上会消失。
如果替换后条目仍然存在，因为它们在多个驱动器上相同（这些块没有冗余），并且 md 阵列返回软读取错误，您可以使用 强制擦除坏块日志mdadm --assemble --update=force-no-bbl。
随后，md 数组可能会返回此日志中的块的错误或过时的数据，这可能会导致数据损坏。