根据以下结果，我是否需要转储我的 SATA 硬盘smartctl？
我在启动时经常遇到文件系统错误，甚至fsck上次未能修复它。然后我使用了实时 USB (Fedora) 并使用磁盘实用程序对其进行了检查；它显示了 2500 多个坏扇区。
我在网上搜索了修复程序，发现“完全格式化加零填充”可以解决坏道。我做到了，在我的 SATA 硬盘上花了 12 个多小时。坏扇区并没有消失，而是减少到 776 个（如磁盘实用程序所示）。
然后，我决定进行 SMART 测试，用于smartctl获取详细结果。简短的 SMART 测试已通过，但扩展测试未通过（请参阅下面的日志结构）。结果很难解释可能的修复，因此我决定将问题带到这里。
我现在应该使用硬盘吗？
请检查下面的详细结果并提出建议。
[liveuser@localhost-live ~]$ sudo smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.3.7-301.fc31.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Mobile HDD
Device Model: ST1000LM035-1RK172
Serial Number: ZDE6YPLW
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0a5ef85fb
Firmware Version: LCM2
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 09:37:52 2020 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 163) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 080 037 034 Pre-fail Always - 190487919
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 098 098 020 Old_age Always - 2272
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 095 095 036 Pre-fail Always - 784
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 080 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 107066354
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 5196 (144 134 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1855
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 33763
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 107375951904
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 061 050 040 Old_age Always - 39 (Min/Max 26/45)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 20
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 167
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 067 067 000 Old_age Always - 67875
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 039 050 000 Old_age Always - 39 (0 10 0 0 0)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 784
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 078 000 Old_age Always - 8
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 078 000 Old_age Offline - 8
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 26
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x000f 095 095 030 Pre-fail Always - 4839 (0 13 0)
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 36087 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 36087 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:19.673 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:18.472 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 00:02:18.378 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:18.351 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:02:18.349 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 36086 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.944 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.944 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36085 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.115 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 f0 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.113 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36084 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.737 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.736 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:01:53.707 FLUSH CACHE EXT
61 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.688 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.678 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36083 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5196 318795064
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5194 -
# 3 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 5194 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5194 -
# 5 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5164 808789760
# 6 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5164 808789760
# 7 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5158 1348112200
# 8 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5158 1348112200
# 9 Short offline Completed: read failure 80% 5143 1348112200
#10 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
#11 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
#12 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
要解释 SMART 属性，您必须知道它们已标准化为 100，越低越差。
原始读取错误率很高，寻道错误率也很高，除此之外，相当多的扇区已经被重新定位。其他属性仅表示一点磨损，但前两个提到的属性意味着您的硬盘无法再正确读取硬盘上的数据比特流。它可能是导致对准不良的机械错误，或者读取或写入电路中的某些电子错误，或者表面上的某些缺陷，或者其他原因。
如果这是我的硬盘，我会立即进行备份，然后将其扔掉 - 该硬盘将永远不会再可靠地存储任何数据。如果你买的它“像新的一样”，请将其退回并抱怨 SMART 值清楚地表明它不是新的。