我正在尝试使用sudo apt-get remove --purge删除所有“php7.” 软件包，但我想排除“php7.0“包。我已经尝试过；
sudo apt-get -y remove --purge php7.[^php7.0]*但没有成功。我尝试了很多建议的其他类似解决方案，但没有成功。事实上，它专门删除了我想要排除的包。如果有人解决了这个难题，我将非常感激我。
“Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS”
~$ dpkg -l | grep php7
ii php7.0-cli 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.0-common 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.0-curl 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.0-fpm 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.0-gd 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.0-imap 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 IMAP module for PHP
ii php7.0-intl 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.0-json 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.0-ldap 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 LDAP module for PHP
ii php7.0-mbstring 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.0-mcrypt 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 libmcrypt module for PHP
ii php7.0-mysql 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MySQL module for PHP
ii php7.0-opcache 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.0-readline 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.0-xml 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.0-zip 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.1 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.1-bcmath 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.1-bz2 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.1-cli 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.1-common 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.1-curl 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.1-fpm 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.1-gd 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.1-intl 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.1-json 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.1-mbstring 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.1-opcache 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.1-readline 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.1-xml 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.1-zip 7.1.33-16+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.2 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.2-bcmath 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.2-bz2 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.2-cli 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.2-common 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.2-curl 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.2-fpm 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.2-gd 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.2-intl 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.2-json 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.2-mbstring 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.2-opcache 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.2-readline 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.2-xml 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.2-zip 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.3 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.3-bcmath 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.3-bz2 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.3-cli 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.3-common 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.3-curl 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.3-fpm 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.3-gd 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.3-intl 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.3-json 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.3-mbstring 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.3-opcache 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.3-readline 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.3-xml 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.3-zip 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
“Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS”
~$ dpkg -l | grep php7
ii php-common 2:69+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+2+php7.3 all Common files for PHP packages
ii php7.0 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.0-bcmath 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.0-bz2 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.0-cli 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.0-common 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.0-curl 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.0-fpm 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.0-gd 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.0-intl 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.0-json 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.0-mbstring 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.0-opcache 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.0-readline 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.0-xml 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.0-zip 7.0.33-29+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.1-cli 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.1-common 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.1-curl 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.1-fpm 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.1-gd 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.1-imap 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 IMAP module for PHP
ii php7.1-intl 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.1-json 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.1-ldap 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 LDAP module for PHP
ii php7.1-mbstring 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.1-mcrypt 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 libmcrypt module for PHP
ii php7.1-mysql 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MySQL module for PHP
ii php7.1-opcache 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.1-readline 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.1-xml 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.1-zip 7.1.30-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.2 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.2-bcmath 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.2-bz2 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.2-cli 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.2-common 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.2-curl 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.2-fpm 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.2-gd 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.2-intl 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.2-json 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.2-mbstring 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.2-opcache 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.2-readline 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.2-xml 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.2-zip 7.2.31-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
ii php7.3 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 all server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii php7.3-bcmath 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Bcmath module for PHP
ii php7.3-bz2 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 bzip2 module for PHP
ii php7.3-cli 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii php7.3-common 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii php7.3-curl 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 CURL module for PHP
ii php7.3-fpm 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii php7.3-gd 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 GD module for PHP
ii php7.3-intl 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Internationalisation module for PHP
ii php7.3-json 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 JSON module for PHP
ii php7.3-mbstring 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 MBSTRING module for PHP
ii php7.3-opcache 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii php7.3-readline 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 readline module for PHP
ii php7.3-xml 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii php7.3-zip 7.3.19-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 amd64 Zip module for PHP
答案1
您的正则表达式看起来不正确。它匹配包含（不一定以）“php7”加上一个任意字符（“.”）的包名称，后跟任意数量的字符，这些字符都不是以下字符：p、h、7、.、0。
您可能想要的是以下正则表达式：
sudo apt-get -y remove --purge '^php7\.[^0]'
这与“php7”匹配。在包名称的开头 (^) 加上除 0 之外的任何字符。后面可能还会有其他字符，但我们不需要考虑它们。
答案2
我会做什么：
sudo apt-get remove --purge $(
dpkg -l | awk '$1 == "ii" && /php7/ && !/php7\.0/{print $2}'
)
将变量传递给awk，使用-v开关：
EXCLUDE_VERSION='php7.0'
awk -v exv="$EXCLUDE_VERSION" '$1 == "ii" && /php7/ && $2 !~ exv{print $2}'