我们使用无头 Chrome 运行 Selenium (JAVA)。这一切大约需要 300 MB RAM。 VPS 有 1 GB RAM，但 selenium 会“崩溃”：
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-115" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
似乎没有足够的可用 RAM：
$ free -m 导致：
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1024 940 0 821 83 0
这是为什么？完整流程列表如下：
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.2 195028 2748 ? Ss Jun20 16:36 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deseriali
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [kthreadd/568406]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:06 [khelper/5684067]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [rpciod/56840679]
root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jun20 0:00 [nfsiod/56840679]
root 110 0.0 0.4 38520 4256 ? Ss Jun20 13:38 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
dbus 165 0.0 0.1 58228 1332 ? Ss Jun20 14:56 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=syste
root 167 0.0 0.0 74408 732 ? Ss Jun20 0:00 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /run/saslauthd -a pam
root 170 0.0 0.1 26704 1488 ? Ss Jun20 7:24 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
root 173 0.0 0.0 74408 732 ? S Jun20 0:00 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /run/saslauthd -a pam
root 190 0.0 0.1 22728 1104 ? Ss Jun20 1:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n
root 191 0.0 0.0 6468 132 tty2 Ss+ Jun20 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty2 linux
root 192 0.0 0.0 25860 376 ? Ss Jun20 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd -f
root 193 0.0 0.0 6468 132 tty1 Ss+ Jun20 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear --keep-baud console 11
mysql 345 0.1 5.9 1299292 62404 ? Sl 16:38 0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/
root 480 0.0 0.0 27120 256 ? Ss Jun20 0:00 /usr/sbin/xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run
root 482 0.1 2.2 440080 23080 ? Ssl Jun20 87:46 /usr/bin/python -s /usr/bin/fail2ban-server -
nobody 541 0.0 0.2 198844 2636 ? SLs Jun20 1:02 proftpd: (accepting connections)
exim 700 0.0 0.1 119948 1828 ? Ss Jul03 18:01 /usr/sbin/exim -bd -q1h
root 1145 0.0 1.0 522640 11328 ? Ss Jun20 1:55 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root 1298 0.0 0.1 112876 1368 ? Ss Jun20 2:37 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 1306 0.0 0.4 49972 4244 ? Ss Jun20 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc
apache 5622 0.0 1.4 538492 15008 ? S Jul10 0:38 php-fpm: pool apache
apache 5623 0.0 0.5 341420 5756 ? S Jul10 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 5624 0.0 0.5 341420 5756 ? S Jul10 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 5625 0.0 0.5 341420 5756 ? S Jul10 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 5626 0.0 0.5 341420 5760 ? S Jul10 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 5627 0.0 0.5 341420 5760 ? S Jul10 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
apache 5651 0.0 0.9 52808 9456 ? S Jul10 18:11 nginx: worker process
exim 6036 0.0 0.3 137268 3276 ? S 16:57 0:00 /usr/sbin/exim -bd -q1h
root 6037 0.0 0.1 51708 1732 pts/0 R+ 16:57 0:00 ps axu
apache 6575 0.0 1.6 538352 17420 ? S Jul10 0:37 php-fpm: pool apache
apache 6578 0.0 1.4 538424 15336 ? S Jul10 0:37 php-fpm: pool apache
igor 9281 0.0 1.5 432016 16392 ? S Jul26 0:06 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
root 9399 0.0 0.0 16172 692 ? Ss Jun25 0:50 /usr/sbin/dovecot
dovecot 9415 0.0 0.0 9700 500 ? S Jun25 2:25 dovecot/anvil
root 9506 0.0 0.0 9832 652 ? S Jun25 0:00 dovecot/log
root 9508 0.0 0.1 13040 1516 ? S Jun25 0:02 dovecot/config
apache 12135 0.0 0.7 279260 7916 ? S Jul26 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
igor 12252 0.0 1.5 432016 16392 ? S Jul26 0:12 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
igor 12257 0.0 1.5 432016 16388 ? S Jul26 0:11 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
root 13747 0.0 0.1 72608 1776 ? S 09:33 0:00 /usr/sbin/CROND -n
root 13750 0.0 0.0 9516 716 ? Ss 09:33 0:00 /bin/sh -c /opt/php71/bin/php -c /usr/loca
root 13752 0.0 0.9 310668 10060 ? S 09:33 0:15 /opt/php71/bin/php -c /usr/local/mgr5/addon/r
apache 14429 0.0 1.0 522640 10828 ? S 09:50 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 14430 0.0 1.0 522640 10800 ? S 09:50 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
igor 14434 0.0 4.8 521224 51156 ? S 09:50 0:22 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
apache 14453 0.0 1.0 522640 10812 ? S 09:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 14462 0.0 1.0 522640 10812 ? S 09:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache 14469 0.0 1.0 522640 10812 ? S 09:51 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
igor 14473 0.0 5.0 521236 52760 ? S 09:51 0:13 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
igor 14475 0.0 4.6 521240 48688 ? S 09:51 0:17 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php
root 15155 0.0 0.5 341428 6060 ? Ss Jul01 1:51 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
dovecot 19219 0.0 0.1 34592 1532 ? S Jul28 0:09 dovecot/auth
root 19403 0.0 0.3 135560 3260 ? Ss Jul23 6:23 /usr/local/mgr5/sbin/ihttpd
apache 19595 0.0 1.6 538444 17576 ? S Jul14 0:18 php-fpm: pool apache
root 20388 0.0 1.8 635764 19132 ? Sl Jul23 3:44 bin/core core
apache 23214 0.0 1.5 536332 16500 ? S Jul13 0:22 php-fpm: pool apache
root 27932 0.0 0.3 155288 3192 ? Ss Jul29 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 27943 0.0 0.1 11780 1568 pts/0 Ss Jul29 0:00 -bash
root 30284 0.0 3.7 1392544 39328 ? Sl 03:37 0:30 bin/core ispmgr
root 30540 0.0 0.3 153152 3204 ? Ss 16:31 0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
root 30573 0.0 0.1 11884 1620 pts/1 Ss+ 16:31 0:00 -bash
named 31996 0.0 5.4 252516 57548 ? Ssl Jul29 0:00 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf
root 32492 0.0 0.0 43100 428 ? Ss Jul03 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
[root@134-0-117-214 ~]# ps -eo pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head
PID CMD %MEM %CPU
345 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemoniz 5.9 0.1
31996 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c 5.4 0.0
14473 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php 5.0 0.0
14434 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php 4.8 0.0
14475 /opt/php74/bin/php-cgi php 4.6 0.0
30284 bin/core ispmgr 3.7 0.0
482 /usr/bin/python -s /usr/bin 2.2 0.1
20388 bin/core core 1.8 0.0
19595 php-fpm: pool apache 1.6 0.0