我们尝试通过以下方式安装最新版本的 pip （我们有 rhel 7.6 服务器和 python 2.7 ）
yum install python27-python-pip
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
rhel-7-server-rpms | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/6): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/group | 631 kB 00:00:00
(2/6): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/updateinfo | 3.9 MB 00:00:01
(3/6): rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms/7Server/x86_64/group | 124 B 00:00:00
(4/6): rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms/7Server/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.1 MB 00:00:00
(5/6): rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms/7Server/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:07
(6/6): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/primary_db | 75 MB 00:00:11
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python27-python-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python27-python(abi) = 2.7 for package: python27-python-pip-8.1.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: /opt/rh/python27/root/usr/bin/python2 for package: python27-python-pip-8.1.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python27-python-setuptools for package: python27-python-pip-8.1.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python27-runtime for package: python27-python-pip-8.1.2-3.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python27-python.x86_64 0:2.7.17-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python27-python-libs(x86-64) = 2.7.17-2.el7 for package: python27-python-2.7.17-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package python27-python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package python27-runtime.x86_64 0:1.1-26.1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python27-python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.17-2.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
python27-python-pip noarch 8.1.2-3.el7 rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms 1.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
python27-python x86_64 2.7.17-2.el7 rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms 87 k
python27-python-libs x86_64 2.7.17-2.el7 rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms 5.8 M
python27-python-setuptools noarch 0.9.8-7.el7 rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms 400 k
python27-runtime x86_64 1.1-26.1.el7 rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms 1.1 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 9.1 M
Installed size: 34 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: n
由于 yum 从 rhel repo 下载非常旧的版本 8.1.x
然后我们从 epel repo 尝试如下
yum install python-pip
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epel/x86_64/metalink | 22 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/updateinfo FAILED
https://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/26aa3fe31b7a3b4fd3c1865e5a8635f296b1a9c3591a936744c4226a7b170089-updateinfo.xml.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article
https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623
If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please open a ticket with Red Hat Support.
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:11
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-14.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
python2-pip noarch 8.1.2-14.el7 epel 1.7 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 1.7 M
Installed size: 7.2 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: n
但同样从epel回购协议中我们有非常旧的 pip 版本 - 8.1.2
那么是我的程序有问题吗？
如果是，那么如何安装最新的 pip 版本？
答案1
你没有做错什么，8.1.2 是 EPEL 7 存储库中可用的 pip 的最新版本。 RHEL/CentOS 7 通常不会获得新版本的软件，只会修复错误，EPEL 也是如此。有一些 CVE 修复和其他最新补丁pip EPEL 存储库所以我认为它正在得到积极维护并且可以安全使用。
答案2
8.1.2 是 RHEL 7.6（以及 RHEL 7.8）的 RHEL 存储库中提供的最新版本，对应的 Python 版本为 2.7。版本 19.3.1 可用，但适用于 Python 3.8。如果启用必要的 RHEL 存储库并使用yum以下命令搜索软件包，您可以看到它可用：
subscription-manager repos enable rhel*
yum list available | grep python-pip
这将向您显示所有可用 Python 版本的最新版本，包括 Python 2.7 的 8.1.2 和 Python 3.8 的 19.3.1。
如果您想要版本 21.x，那么您需要安装更高版本的 Python，例如 3.8。 Python 2.7 不再受支持，也不会再收到更新。