我想使用部分 SMART 测试,并且需要为每个跨度提供 LBA 大小。
如何确定磁盘的最大 LBA? (然后我会将其除以 5。)
答案1
和smartctl
选择性自测,您可以使用max
关键字来确定选择性测试中使用的最大 LBA:
# smartctl -t select,0-max /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.9.11-arch2-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Selective self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
SPAN STARTING_LBA ENDING_LBA
0 0 537234767
Drive command "Execute SMART Selective self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
所以在本例中它是 537234767(包括总共 537234768)。
这与等人打印的扇区数相同parted
。但为了避免任何疑问,最好使用smartctl
来获取该值,这样就不会在逻辑/物理扇区大小方面出现分歧。
它还会启动自检,您可以使用 中止自检smartctl -X
。
答案2
假设您使用的是 Linux(因为您使用过tune2fs
),操作系统可见的磁盘和分区大小可以在 中看到/proc/partitions
。例如
# head -3 /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 976762584 sda
该#blocks
字段是 1024 字节块的数量,因此 512 字节块的数量是它的两倍。
# awk '$4 == "sda" { print $3 * 2; } ' < /proc/partitions
1953525168
fdisk
还hdparm -i
可以显示扇区数:
# fdisk -lu /dev/sda | head -1
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
# hdparm -i /dev/sda |grep LBAsects
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=1953525168
另一种方法是寻找块设备的末尾,并查询偏移量,例如使用 Perl:
# perl -le '$a = sysseek(STDIN, 0, 2); print $a / 512' < /dev/sda
1953525168
或者,既然我们即将进行 SMART 测试,请询问smartctl
:
# smartctl -i /dev/sda |grep '^User Capacity:'
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
# smartctl -i /dev/sda |awk '/^User Capacity: / { gsub(",", "", $3); print $3 / 512; }'
1953525168
答案3
sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdX1
打印很多信息,包括block count
:
benraid@OMV:/srv$ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sdk1
tune2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Filesystem volume name: Elements
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: e58521dc-7ac6-4096-8339-42830ceee05d
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 427261952
Block count: 3418087163
Reserved block count: 0
Free blocks: 3390863340
Free inodes: 427261941
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 418
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 4096
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Wed Dec 2 20:57:48 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed Dec 2 21:09:13 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Wed Dec 2 20:57:48 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 103 GB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 32
Desired extra isize: 32
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 9bccaff2-62b7-45c9-876b-b011f5e8c6b9
Journal backup: inode blocks
Checksum type: crc32c
Checksum: 0x526fb02e
另外有趣的是/proc/partitions
,它似乎打印了 LBA 计数乘以 4。也许与块大小(4096)有关系:
benraid@OMV:/srv$ cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 2930266584 sda
8 1 2930265543 sda1
8 48 2930266584 sdd
8 49 2930265543 sdd1
8 80 2930266584 sdf
8 81 2930265543 sdf1
8 32 2930266584 sdc
8 33 2930265543 sdc1
8 64 39082680 sde
8 65 35221504 sde1
8 66 1 sde2
8 69 3858432 sde5
8 16 2930266584 sdb
8 17 2930265543 sdb1
8 96 2930266584 sdg
8 97 2930265543 sdg1
8 112 11718885376 sdh
8 113 11718884335 sdh1
8 128 9766436864 sdi
8 129 9766435823 sdi1
8 144 11718885376 sdj
8 145 11718884335 sdj1
8 160 13672349696 sdk
8 161 13672348655 sdk1
正如 ilkkachu 在他的评论中指出的那样,分区的 LBA 计数没有跨越整个硬盘的正确空间。但如果您只需要指示尺寸即可与smartctl -t select,0-$size
它一起使用,这是完全可以的。smartctl
无论如何都会从 0 开始并在磁盘末尾结束。