所以，距离 Buster 发布（并将 Bullseye 设置为测试）已经过去了 17 个月，我仍然无法完成 Buster 到 Bullseye 的升级。这不是我第一次升级 Debian，但这一次让我不知所措。
我的第一次尝试发生在今年夏天，但我放弃了。我设法升级了一些软件包，但大多数（超过一千个）仍未升级。你可以在这里看到我之前的“发现”： https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/596078/447111
我今天尝试了，但又失败了。目前# apt-get dist-upgrade结果为：1013 个升级，380 个新安装，129 个删除，8 个未升级。待删除的 129 个软件包包括kde运行时（以及其他一些与KDE相关的），nvidia-driver（以及相关的），python和很多lib包，这是不可接受的。
我再次在网上搜索了一下，这个问题似乎很常见，但没有官方修复或解决方法。有人说删除 gcc-8（https://prodevsblog.com/questions/690521/full-upgrade-to-debian-testing-fails-due-to-libc6-dev-breaks-libgcc-8-dev/），其他人说安装 gcc-8-base（https://www.reddit.com/r/debian/comments/h878ci/fullupgrade_to_debian_testing_fails_due_to/）等，但没有一个对我有用。一个人说这个问题与海湾合作委员会-10并重命名一些包。但我似乎已经安装了 *-s1 软件包，因此问题可能出在其他地方？不管怎样，我的技术或毅力不足以独自深入研究这类东西（跟踪重命名的包）。
我不知道真正的问题是什么。也许有很多原因，或者复杂性取决于系统中安装了哪些软件包。我已经失去了任何希望，我看到的唯一解决方案是格式化系统分区并安装新的靶心，或者等到它变得稳定并希望开发人员届时能够解决问题。除非这里有人帮助我请。 :)
也许这会帮助您找到解决方案：
# dpkg -l gcc-* libc*dev libgcc*
ii gcc-10-base:amd64 10.2.1-1 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-10-base:i386 10.2.1-1 i386 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
un gcc-4.3 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.4 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.5 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.6 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii gcc-8-base:amd64 8.3.0-6 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-9 9.3.0-19 amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-9-base:amd64 9.3.0-19 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
un gcc-9-doc <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-9-locales <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-9-multilib <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-doc <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-multilib <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-x86-64-linux-gnu <none> <none> (no description available)
ii gcc-10-base:amd64 10.2.1-1 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-10-base:i386 10.2.1-1 i386 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-8-base:amd64 8.3.0-6 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-9-base:amd64 9.3.0-19 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
un libc-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc0.1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc0.3-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libc6-dev:amd64 2.28-10 amd64 GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files
un libc6.1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libcurl4-gnutls-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libgcc-9-dev:amd64 9.3.0-19 amd64 GCC support library (development files)
ii libgcc-s1:amd64 10.2.1-1 amd64 GCC support library
ii libgcc-s1:i386 10.2.1-1 i386 GCC support library
un libgcc1 <none> <none> (no description available)
un libgccjit-9-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
编辑（2021 年 10 月 31 日）
Bullseye 已经作为稳定版本发布，但我仍然无法升级到它。去年，我并没有真正尝试解决这个问题，但apt-get upgrade时不时地运行让我升级了一些（少数）软件包，可能是那些未受该问题影响的软件包。
以下是当前安装的 gcc 相关软件包的更新列表：
ii gcc-10-base:amd64 10.2.1-6 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-10-base:i386 10.2.1-6 i386 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
un gcc-4.3 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.4 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.5 <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-4.6 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii gcc-8-base:amd64 8.3.0-6 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-9 9.3.0-22 amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-9-base:amd64 9.3.0-22 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
un gcc-9-doc <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-9-locales <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-9-multilib <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-doc <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-multilib <none> <none> (no description available)
un gcc-x86-64-linux-gnu <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc0.1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc0.3-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libc6-dev:amd64 2.28-10 amd64 GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files
un libc6.1-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
un libcurl4-gnutls-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
ii libgcc-9-dev:amd64 9.3.0-22 amd64 GCC support library (development files)
ii libgcc-s1:amd64 10.2.1-6 amd64 GCC support library
ii libgcc-s1:i386 10.2.1-6 i386 GCC support library
ii libgcc1:amd64 1:10.1.0+rp2 amd64 GCC support library (transitional package)
un libgccjit-9-dev <none> <none> (no description available)
以及 dist-upgrade 尝试的输出：
# apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information..
Calculating update...
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
cracklib-runtime enchant fonts-dejavu fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-sil-gentium
fonts-sil-gentium-basic freepats g++-9 gstreamer1.0-alsa
gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio icoutils kate-data kde-runtime-data
kde-style-qtcurve-qt5 kdelibs5-data libbctoolbox1 libboost-atomic1.67.0
libboost-chrono1.67.0 libboost-date-time1.67.0 libboost-filesystem1.67.0
libboost-iostreams1.67.0 libboost-locale1.67.0 libboost-system1.67.0
libboost-thread1.67.0 libbrlapi0.6 libbsh-java libbzrtp0 libcfitsio7
libcrack2 libcroco3 libdlrestrictions1 libdouble-conversion1 libdrm-dev
libegl-nvidia-legacy-390xx0:i386 libegl-nvidia0:i386 libegl1-nvidia
libegl1-nvidia-legacy-390xx:i386 libenchant1c2a libevent-2.1-6 libexiv2-14
libfaac0 libffi6:i386 libflite1 libfluidsynth1 libgadu3 libgit2-27
libgles-nvidia-legacy-390xx1:i386 libgles-nvidia-legacy-390xx2:i386
libgles-nvidia1 libgles-nvidia1:i386 libgles-nvidia2 libgles-nvidia2:i386
libgles2-mesa-dev libglvnd-core-dev libglx-nvidia-legacy-390xx0:i386
libglx-nvidia0 libglx-nvidia0:i386 libgpgme++2v5 libgps23
libgrantlee-textdocument5 libgraphene-1.0-0 libgssdp-1.0-3 libgssdp-1.2-0
libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libgupnp-1.0-4 libgupnp-1.2-0
libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libhogweed5 libhogweed5:i386 libhttp-parser2.8
libice6:i386 libicu63 libicu63:i386 libigdgmm5 libigdgmm5:i386 libilmbase23
libisl22 libjim0.77 libjson-c4 libjsoncpp1 libkaccounts1
libkdecorations2private6 libkf5emoticons-bin libkf5emoticons-data
libkf5emoticons5 libkf5jsembed-data libkf5jsembed5 libkf5libkdepimakonadi5
libkf5xmlrpcclient-data libkf5xmlrpcclient5 libkwineffects11
libkwinglutils11 libkwinxrenderutils11 liblept5 liblilv-0-0 libllvm7
libllvm7:i386 liblouis17 liblouisutdml8 liblrdf0 libmeanwhile1
libmjpegutils-2.1-0 libmms0 libmpdec2 libmpeg2encpp-2.1-0 libmplex2-2.1-0
libmypaint-1.3-0 libnettle7 libnettle7:i386 libnice10 libntrack0
libnvidia-eglcore:i386 libnvidia-glcore:i386 libnvidia-glvkspirv
libnvidia-glvkspirv:i386 libnvidia-legacy-390xx-cfg1:i386
libnvidia-legacy-390xx-eglcore:i386 libnvidia-legacy-390xx-glcore:i386
libofa0 libokular5core8 libopenexr23 liborcus-0.14-0 libotr5 libperl5.28
libplymouth4 libpoppler82 libpotrace0 libpwquality-common libpwquality1
libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython3.7 libpython3.7-minimal
libpython3.7-stdlib libqhull7 libqpdf21 libqtcurve-utils2 libraw19 libre2-5
libreadline5 libreadline7 libreoffice libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer
libreoffice-kde5 libreoffice-librelogo libreoffice-nlpsolver
libreoffice-script-provider-bsh libreoffice-script-provider-js
libreoffice-script-provider-python libreoffice-wiki-publisher librubberband2
libruby2.5 libsane libsbc1 libserd-0-0 libsisu-guice-java libsisu-ioc-java
libsm6:i386 libsnmp30 libsord-0-0 libsoundtouch1 libspandsp2 libsratom-0-0
libsrtp2-1 libssh-gcrypt-4 libstdc++-9-dev libtesseract4 libtexlua52
libtidy5deb1 libtss2-udev libturbojpeg0 libu2f-udev libusbmuxd4 libutempter0
libvidstab1.1 libvo-aacenc0 libvpx5 libwildmidi-config libwildmidi2
libx11-xcb-dev libx265-165 libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev
libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev
libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-util0 libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxdamage-dev
libxshmfence-dev libxtst6:i386 libzbar0 libzimg2 mesa-common-dev
ntrack-module-libnl-0 nvidia-driver-bin oxygen-icon-theme perl-modules-5.28
phonon-backend-gstreamer-common polkit-kde-1 printer-driver-hpijs python2
python2-minimal python3-sip python3.7-minimal
qml-module-qtquick-controls-styles-breeze qtcore4-l10n ruby-did-you-mean
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
ffmpeg gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad kaccessible katepart kde-l10n-pl kde-runtime
kde-style-breeze-qt4 kde-style-qtcurve-qt4 kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-plugins
kdoctools kopete libattica0.4 libavdevice58 libavfilter7 libdbusmenu-qt2
libegl1-nvidia:i386 libgl1-nvidia-glx libgl1-nvidia-glx:i386
libgl1-nvidia-legacy-390xx-glx:i386 libgnustep-base1.26 libhfstospell10
libkabc4 libkactivities6 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcmutils4 libkde3support4
libkdeclarative5 libkdecore5 libkdesu5 libkdeui5 libkdewebkit5 libkdnssd4
libkemoticons4 libkf5followupreminder5 libkf5kdepimdbusinterfaces5
libkf5sendlater5 libkfile4 libkhtml5 libkio5 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4
libkldap4 libkmediaplayer4 libkmime4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4
libknotifyconfig4 libkntlm4 libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpimidentities4
libkpimkdav-data libkpimkdav5abi2 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkpty4
libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksgrd7 libksignalplotter7 libktexteditor4
libldb1 libmediastreamer-base10 libmediastreamer-voip10 libnode64
libntrack-qt4-1 libortp13 libphonon4 libplasma3 libpolkit-backend-1-0
libpolkit-qt-1-1 libprocesscore7 libprocessui7 libpython-stdlib libqca2
libqca2-plugins libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative
libqt4-designer libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-qt3support libqt4-script
libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-sql-sqlite libqt4-svg libqt4-xml
libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtdbus4 libqtgui4 libqtwebkit4
libreoffice-style-tango libsolid4 libtaskmanager6 libthreadweaver4
libtss2-esys0 mariadb-client-core-10.3 mariadb-server-core-10.3
nvidia-driver nvidia-driver-libs-nonglvnd nvidia-driver-libs-nonglvnd:i386
nvidia-driver-libs-nonglvnd-i386:i386
nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver-libs-nonglvnd:i386
nvidia-legacy-390xx-nonglvnd-vulkan-icd:i386 nvidia-nonglvnd-vulkan-common
nvidia-nonglvnd-vulkan-icd nvidia-nonglvnd-vulkan-icd:i386 phonon
phonon-backend-gstreamer plasma-scriptengine-javascript python
python-minimal python-parted python-talloc python3.7 qdbus qt-at-spi ruby2.5
sni-qt uno-libs3 user-manager
The following NEW packages will be installed:
alsa-topology-conf alsa-ucm-conf apt-config-icons-hidpi
apt-config-icons-large-hidpi bup bup-doc cpp-10 dctrl-tools dvisvgm
enchant-2 fonts-urw-base35 g++-10 gcc-10 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0
glib-networking:i386 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:i386
gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-x:i386 hwdata ibus-data isolinux
kmailtransport-akonadi kontrast kpeople-vcard kup-backup kuserfeedback-doc
libaa1:i386 libabsl20200923 libaom3 libasan6 libatopology2 libavc1394-0:i386
libavif9 libboost-filesystem1.74.0 libboost-iostreams1.74.0
libboost-locale1.74.0 libboost-regex1.74.0 libboost-thread1.74.0 libbpf0
libbrlapi0.8 libbrotli-dev libbrotli1:i386 libbz2-1.0:i386 libc-devtools
libcaca0:i386 libcairo-gobject2:i386 libcfitsio9 libclone-perl libcrypt-dev
libcrypt1:i386 libcuda1 libcuda1:i386 libcurl3-gnutls:i386 libcurl4:i386
libdatrie1:i386 libdav1d4 libdav1d5 libdebuginfod1 libdeflate0
libdeflate0:i386 libdouble-conversion3 libdv4:i386 libdvdread8 libdw1:i386
libegl-mesa0:i386 libegl-nvidia-tesla-450-0 libegl-nvidia-tesla-450-0:i386
libegl1:i386 libenchant-2-2 libevent-2.1-7 libexiv2-27 libfaudio0
libfaudio0:i386 libfontbox-java libfontconfig-dev libfreetype-dev
libfribidi0:i386 libgav1-0 libgbm1:i386 libgcc-10-dev libgdbm-compat4:i386
libgdbm6:i386 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0:i386
libgdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0-0 libgit2-1.1 libgl1-nvidia-tesla-450-glvnd-glx
libgl1-nvidia-tesla-450-glvnd-glx:i386 libgles-nvidia-tesla-450-1
libgles-nvidia-tesla-450-1:i386 libgles-nvidia-tesla-450-2
libgles-nvidia-tesla-450-2:i386 libglx-nvidia-tesla-450-0
libglx-nvidia-tesla-450-0:i386 libgnustep-base1.27 libgps28
libgraphite2-3:i386 libgsettings-qt1 libgssdp-1.2-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-1
libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgudev-1.0-0:i386 libgupnp-1.2-0
libharfbuzz0b:i386 libhfstospell11 libhogweed6:i386 libhttp-parser2.9
libicu67 libicu67:i386 libiec61883-0:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libigdgmm11
libigdgmm11:i386 libilbc3 libilmbase25 libip4tc2 libip6tc2 libjim0.79
libjs-highlight.js libjson-c5 libjuh-java libjurt-java libkaccounts2
libkcolorpicker0 libkdecorations2private7 libkdsoap1 libkf5authcore5
libkf5dav-data libkf5dav5 libkf5kdegames7 libkf5pulseaudioqt2
libkimageannotator-common libkimageannotator0 libkpmcore10 libksgrd9
libksignalplotter9 libksysguardformatter1 libksysguardsensorfaces1
libksysguardsensors1 libkuserfeedbackcore1 libkuserfeedbackwidgets1
libkwaylandserver5 libkwineffects12a libkwinglutils12 libkwinxrenderutils12
libldb2 liblibreoffice-java libllvm11 libllvm11:i386 liblouis20
liblouisutdml9 libmarkdown2 libmd0 libmd0:i386 libmd4c0 libmpdec3
libmypaint-1.5-1 libncursesw6:i386 libnettle8:i386 libnghttp2-14:i386
libnode72 libnotificationmanager1 libnsl-dev libnsl2 libnsl2:i386
libnspr4:i386 libnss-nis libnss-nis:i386 libnss-nisplus libnss-nisplus:i386
libnss3:i386 libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1 libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1:i386
libnvidia-tesla-450-cbl libnvidia-tesla-450-cfg1 libnvidia-tesla-450-cuda1
libnvidia-tesla-450-cuda1:i386 libnvidia-tesla-450-eglcore
libnvidia-tesla-450-eglcore:i386 libnvidia-tesla-450-encode1
libnvidia-tesla-450-encode1:i386 libnvidia-tesla-450-glcore
libnvidia-tesla-450-glcore:i386 libnvidia-tesla-450-glvkspirv
libnvidia-tesla-450-glvkspirv:i386 libnvidia-tesla-450-ml1
libnvidia-tesla-450-nvcuvid1 libnvidia-tesla-450-nvcuvid1:i386
libnvidia-tesla-450-ptxjitcompiler1 libnvidia-tesla-450-ptxjitcompiler1:i386
libnvidia-tesla-450-rtcore libokular5core9 libopenexr25 libopengl0:i386
liborcus-0.16-0 liborcus-parser-0.16-0 libpango-1.0-0:i386
libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386 libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386 libpci3:i386 libpdfbox-java
libperl5.32 libperl5.32:i386 libphonenumber8 libphonon4qt5-data
libpipewire-0.3-0 libpipewire-0.3-modules libplymouth5 libpoppler-cpp0v5
libpoppler-glib8:i386 libpoppler102 libpoppler102:i386 libprimus-vk1
libprimus-vk1:i386 libprocesscore9 libprocessui9 libprocps8 libprotobuf23
libproxy1v5:i386 libpsl5:i386 libpython3.9 libpython3.9-minimal
libpython3.9-stdlib libqhull-r8.0 libqpdf28 libqrcodegencpp1
libqt5networkauth5 libqt5qmlmodels5 libqt5qmlworkerscript5
libqt5quickparticles5 libqt5virtualkeyboard5 libraw1394-11:i386 libraw20
libre2-9 libreoffice-kf5 libreoffice-plasma libreoffice-qt5
libreoffice-sdbc-mysql libridl-java librtmp1:i386 libruby2.7 libsane1
libsane1:i386 libshout3:i386 libsidplay1v5 libslang2:i386 libsnmp40
libsnmp40:i386 libsoup2.4-1:i386 libsource-highlight-common
libsource-highlight4v5 libspa-0.2-modules libsqlite3-0:i386 libssh2-1:i386
libstb0 libstb0:i386 libstdc++-10-dev libtag1v5:i386 libtag1v5-vanilla:i386
libtaskmanager6abi1 libthai0:i386 libtirpc-common libtirpc-dev libtirpc3
libtirpc3:i386 libtss2-esys-3.0.2-0 libtss2-mu0 libtss2-sys1
libtss2-tcti-cmd0 libtss2-tcti-device0 libtss2-tcti-mssim0
libtss2-tcti-swtpm0 libtwolame0:i386 libudfread0 libuno-cppu3
libuno-cppuhelpergcc3-3 libuno-purpenvhelpergcc3-3 libuno-sal3
libuno-salhelpergcc3-3 libunoil-java libunoloader-java libunwind8:i386
libusbmuxd6 libvmaf1 libvorbisidec1:i386 libwavpack1:i386
libwayland-server0:i386 libx264-164 libx265-192 libxcb-res0 libxcb-util1
libxcb-xinput0 libxstring-perl libxv1:i386 libz3-4 libz3-4:i386
libzxingcore1 linux-compiler-gcc-10-x86 linux-headers-5.10.0-9-amd64
linux-headers-5.10.0-9-common linux-image-5.10.0-9-amd64 linux-kbuild-5.10
mailcap mariadb-client-core-10.5 mariadb-server-core-10.5 media-types
nvidia-egl-common nvidia-settings-tesla-450 nvidia-smi
nvidia-tesla-450-alternative nvidia-tesla-450-driver
nvidia-tesla-450-driver-bin nvidia-tesla-450-driver-libs
nvidia-tesla-450-driver-libs:i386 nvidia-tesla-450-egl-icd
nvidia-tesla-450-egl-icd:i386 nvidia-tesla-450-kernel-dkms
nvidia-tesla-450-kernel-support nvidia-tesla-450-smi
nvidia-tesla-450-vdpau-driver nvidia-tesla-450-vulkan-icd
nvidia-tesla-450-vulkan-icd:i386 nvidia-vulkan-common par2 partitionmanager
pci.ids perl-modules-5.32 perl-tk pipewire pipewire-bin plasma-disks
plasma-workspace-data primus-libs:i386 printer-driver-indexbraille
printer-driver-oki psmisc pulseaudio-module-gsettings python3-distro
python3-fuse python3-ldb python3-mutagen python3-parted python3-pycryptodome
python3-pylibacl python3-pyqt5.sip python3-pyxattr python3-talloc
python3-tornado python3-websockets python3.9 python3.9-minimal
qml-module-gsettings1.0 qml-module-org-kde-kitemmodels
qml-module-org-kde-ksysguard qml-module-org-kde-people
qml-module-org-kde-prison qml-module-org-kde-quickcharts
qml-module-org-kde-userfeedback qml-module-qt-labs-platform qml-module-qtqml
qml-module-qtquick-particles2 qml-module-qtwebengine qtgstreamer-plugins-qt5
qtspeech5-speechd-plugin rtmpdump ruby-rubygems ruby2.7 smartmontools
systemd-timesyncd texlive-luatex tpm-udev uno-libs-private xkbset
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-tesla-450 xsettingsd yt-dlp
The following packages have been kept back:
gstreamer1.0-libav libasound2-plugins libasound2-plugins:i386 libavcodec58
libavcodec58:i386 libavformat58 libavresample4 libavresample4:i386
libavutil56 libavutil56:i386 libchromaprint1 libk3b7-extracodecs libmfx1
libpostproc55 libswresample3 libswresample3:i386 libswscale5 vlc-data
vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-video-output
The following packages will be upgraded:
**(removed this list due to character limit)**
1046 upgraded, 376 newly installed, 126 to remove and 20 not upgraded.
Need to get 1 676 MB archives.
After this operation, 1 383 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
答案1
您所有与 GCC 相关的问题似乎都已解决。
被列为被删除的软件包大多不足为奇：
- 过时的 KDE 组件（
kaccessible、katepart、kde-l10n-pl等均kde-runtime已从 Debian 11 中删除）， - 过时的图书馆，
- 过时的 Python 2 相关包（请参阅Debian 'bullseye' - 'apt full-upgrade' 删除了大量软件包以获得相关链接）。
剩下的就是ffmpeg插件gstreamer，我想对你来说最重要的是 NVIDIA 驱动程序。前者可能与阻碍 VLC 升级的因素有关。后者似乎与改用特斯拉司机有关，但我不知道是什么原因造成的。
要取得进展，您可以尝试强制部分升级有问题的软件包：
sudo apt install ffmpeg
sudo apt install nvidia-driver
最好的情况是按原样工作，并升级相应的软件包集；在最坏的情况下，它应该为您提供更多关于到底出了什么问题的线索。