根据列的一部分拆分 CSV 文件

根据列的一部分拆分 CSV 文件

我有一个 CSV 文件,file.csv包含日期和时间,如下所示:

id0,2020-12-12T07:18:26,7f
id1,2017-04-28T19:59:00,80
id2,2017-04-28T03:14:35,e4
id3,2020-12-12T23:45:09,ff
id4,2020-12-12T09:12:34,a1
id5,2017-04-28T00:31:54,65
id6,2020-12-12T20:13:47,45
id7,2017-04-28T21:04:30,7f

我想根据第 2 列中的日期拆分文件。使用上面的示例,它应该创建 2 个文件:

file_1.csv
id1,2017-04-28T19:59:00,80
id2,2017-04-28T03:14:35,e4
id5,2017-04-28T00:31:54,65
id7,2017-04-28T21:04:30,7f

file_2.csv
id0,2020-12-12T07:18:26,7f
id3,2020-12-12T23:45:09,ff
id4,2020-12-12T09:12:34,a1
id6,2020-12-12T20:13:47,45

我尝试使用sortawk来完成这项工作,但它根据日期和时间将文件分成 8 个文件。

sort -k2 -t, file.csv | awk -F, '!($2 in col) {col[$2]=++i} {print > ("file_" i ".csv")}'

如何仅根据日期(而不是日期和时间)分割文件?

答案1

怎么样:

awk -F', ' '
  { date = substr($2,1,10) }
  !(date in outfile) { outfile[date] = "file_" (++numout) ".csv" }
  { print > outfile[date] }
' file.csv

如果它是一个包含许多唯一日期的大文件,您可能需要通过以下方式防止“打开文件过多”错误:

  { print >> outfile[date]; close(outfile[date]) }

答案2

$ cat tst.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash

awk -F'[ -]' -v OFS='\t' '{print $2$3, NR, $0}' "${@:--}" |
sort -k1,1n -k2,2n |
cut -f3- |
awk -F'[ -]' '
    { curr = $2$3 }
    curr != prev {
        close(out)
        out = "file_" (++cnt) ".csv"
        prev = curr
    }
    { print > out }
'

./tst.sh file

$ head file_*
==> file_1.csv <==
id1, 2017-04-28T19:59:00, 80
id2, 2017-04-28T03:14:35, e4
id5, 2017-04-28T00:31:54, 65
id7, 2017-04-28T21:04:30, 7f

==> file_2.csv <==
id0, 2020-12-12T07:18:26, 7f
id3, 2020-12-12T23:45:09, ff
id4, 2020-12-12T09:12:34, a1
id6, 2020-12-12T20:13:47, 45

上述内容将与任何 POSIX awk、sort 和 cut 一起稳健、高效且可移植地工作,并将保留输出文件中的输入顺序。

以下是前 3 个步骤如何重新排列输入文件内容:

$ cat file
id0, 2020-12-12T07:18:26, 7f
id1, 2017-04-28T19:59:00, 80
id2, 2017-04-28T03:14:35, e4
id3, 2020-12-12T23:45:09, ff
id4, 2020-12-12T09:12:34, a1
id5, 2017-04-28T00:31:54, 65
id6, 2020-12-12T20:13:47, 45
id7, 2017-04-28T21:04:30, 7f

这样,当最终的 awk 脚本运行时,它的行已按年+月从 $2 开始排序,并保留具有相同日期+时间的所有行的输入顺序:

$ awk -F'[ -]' -v OFS='\t' '{print $2$3, NR, $0}' file
202012  1       id0, 2020-12-12T07:18:26, 7f
201704  2       id1, 2017-04-28T19:59:00, 80
201704  3       id2, 2017-04-28T03:14:35, e4
202012  4       id3, 2020-12-12T23:45:09, ff
202012  5       id4, 2020-12-12T09:12:34, a1
201704  6       id5, 2017-04-28T00:31:54, 65
202012  7       id6, 2020-12-12T20:13:47, 45
201704  8       id7, 2017-04-28T21:04:30, 7f

$ awk -F'[ -]' -v OFS='\t' '{print $2$3, NR, $0}' file | sort -k1,1n -k2,2n
201704  2       id1, 2017-04-28T19:59:00, 80
201704  3       id2, 2017-04-28T03:14:35, e4
201704  6       id5, 2017-04-28T00:31:54, 65
201704  8       id7, 2017-04-28T21:04:30, 7f
202012  1       id0, 2020-12-12T07:18:26, 7f
202012  4       id3, 2020-12-12T23:45:09, ff
202012  5       id4, 2020-12-12T09:12:34, a1
202012  7       id6, 2020-12-12T20:13:47, 45

$ awk -F'[ -]' -v OFS='\t' '{print $2$3, NR, $0}' file | sort -k1,1n -k2,2n | cut -f3-
id1, 2017-04-28T19:59:00, 80
id2, 2017-04-28T03:14:35, e4
id5, 2017-04-28T00:31:54, 65
id7, 2017-04-28T21:04:30, 7f
id0, 2020-12-12T07:18:26, 7f
id3, 2020-12-12T23:45:09, ff
id4, 2020-12-12T09:12:34, a1
id6, 2020-12-12T20:13:47, 45

答案3

按照你现在的方式进行,意味着首先执行sort然后分成不同的文件,并且还要避免使用awk数组:

<infile sort -t, -k2 \
|awk -F, '{
     substr($2,1,10)!=prev && nxt++;
     print >>("file_"nxt".csv"); close("file_"nxt".csv");
     prev=substr($2,1,10);
}'

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