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提取子串

tag-icon • tag-icon text-processing awk
提取子串

我有以下文件

Nt01    maker   mRNA    143295  155540  .   +   .   ID=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1;Parent=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010;Name=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1;_AED=0.08;_eAED=0.08;_QI=0|0.45|0.25|1|0.90|0.75|12|0|1011;Note="Peptidase S59%2C nucleoporin"
Nt01    maker   mRNA    170633  173860  .   +   .   ID=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1;Parent=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020;Name=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1;_AED=0.26;_eAED=0.26;_QI=15|0|0|0.83|0.6|0.33|6|0|424;Note="Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase"

awk 'BEGIN{OFS="\t"} {print $1,$9,$4,$5}' test.txt | head
Nt01    ID=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1;Parent=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010;Name=Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1;_AED=0.08;_eAED=0.08;_QI=0|0.45|0.25|1|0.90|0.75|12|0|1011;Note="Peptidase S59%2C nucleoporin" 143295  155540
Nt01    ID=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1;Parent=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020;Name=Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1;_AED=0.26;_eAED=0.26;_QI=15|0|0|0.83|0.6|0.33|6|0|424;Note="Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase"  170633  173860

怎么可能将其缩短为：

Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1 143295  155540
Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1 170633  173860

答案1

假设输入中的空格是制表符，并且您希望输出也以制表符分隔：

$ awk -F'[\t=;]' -v OFS='\t' '{print $1, $10, $4, $5}' file
Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1 143295  155540
Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1 170633  173860

答案2

调用GNU sed具有扩展的正则表达式支持-E：

# field construction helper variables
t=$'\t'; T="[^$t]"; F=$T+$t
F2=$F$F; F3=$F2$F; FT=$F$T+

# use the helper variables in rearranging
# and pruning the pattern space
sed -Ee "
  s/^($F)$FT($t$FT)$t${F3}ID=([^;]*);.*/\1\3\2/
" file.tsv

结果：

Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0010.1 143295  155540
Nt01    Nitab4.5_0006317g0020.1 170633  173860

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