一段时间以来，当我使用由 ZeroTier 和 Hamachi 等 VPN 创建的虚拟网卡时，我会遇到奇怪的网络延迟，尤其是在发送大量数据时。我使用 Ubuntu 20.04，内核 5.4.0-67-generic。
Wireshark 显示大量 TCP 重传、ACK 重复和乱序数据包。
1 0.000000000 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 44602 → 25565 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=63480 Len=0 MSS=2760 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=2974512735 TSecr=0 WS=128
2 0.045201707 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 62 25565 → 44602 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=0 MSS=2760 SACK_PERM=1
3 0.045262797 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=0
4 0.049124813 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=20
5 0.049473924 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 65 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=21 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=11
6 0.093782891 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=0
7 0.096647589 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 58 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=4
8 0.096672987 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=5 Win=63476 Len=0
9 0.096770408 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 82 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=5 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=28
10 0.096783346 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0
11 0.138199037 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 149 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2793 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=95
12 0.138217852 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 10#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0 SLE=2793 SRE=2888
13 0.138274049 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 81 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2888 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=27
14 0.138281634 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 10#2] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0 SLE=2793 SRE=2915
15 0.138309371 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 59 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2915 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=5
16 0.138315649 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 10#3] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0 SLE=2793 SRE=2920
17 0.138342033 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 66 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2920 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=12
18 0.138348253 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 10#4] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0 SLE=2793 SRE=2932
19 0.138374146 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 58 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=2932 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=4 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
20 0.138380017 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 10#5] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0 SLE=2793 SRE=2936
21 0.139014360 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Fast Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=33 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=2760
22 0.139025513 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=2936 Win=60720 Len=0
23 0.141892063 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=2936 Ack=32 Win=63449 Len=2760 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]
24 0.141913064 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=32 Ack=5696 Win=60720 Len=0
25 0.303248158 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 68 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=32 Ack=5696 Win=60720 Len=14
26 0.303554866 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 81 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=46 Ack=5696 Win=60720 Len=27
27 0.303716262 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 59 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=73 Ack=5696 Win=60720 Len=5
28 0.349692404 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=32380 Ack=73 Win=63408 Len=0
29 0.402913460 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=32380 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=0
30 1.101234508 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=5696 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
31 1.101261884 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=8456 Win=60720 Len=0
32 1.147180805 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=32380 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
33 1.147213877 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 [TCP Dup ACK 31#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=8456 Win=60720 Len=0 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
34 3.300628848 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=8456 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
35 3.300676657 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 66 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=11216 Win=60720 Len=0 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
36 3.350777564 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=37900 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
37 3.350813605 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 [TCP Dup ACK 35#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=11216 Win=60720 Len=0 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
38 4.313838376 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=11216 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
39 4.313878478 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=13976 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
40 4.360138604 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=43420 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
41 4.360199131 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 82 [TCP Dup ACK 39#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=13976 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
42 5.325241275 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=13976 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
43 5.325266889 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 82 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=16736 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
44 5.371542444 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=48940 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
45 5.371570142 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Dup ACK 43#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=16736 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
46 5.724447336 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=16736 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
47 5.724488523 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=19496 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
50 6.079468803 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=19496 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
51 6.079512860 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=22256 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
52 7.039116534 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=22256 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
53 7.039152631 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=78 Ack=25016 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
54 7.053728613 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 94 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=78 Ack=25016 Win=57960 Len=4 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
55 7.053890617 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 126 44602 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=82 Ack=25016 Win=57960 Len=36 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660 SLE=32380 SRE=35140
56 7.087735464 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=65500 Ack=78 Win=63403 Len=2760
57 7.087768694 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Dup ACK 53#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=25016 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660
58 7.150668480 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=33296 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=0
59 7.444215482 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=25016 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
60 7.444256497 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=27776 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660
61 8.398822152 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=27776 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
62 8.398869702 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=30536 Win=52440 Len=0 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180 SLE=37900 SRE=40660
63 8.447356900 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=76540 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
64 8.447393248 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Dup ACK 62#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=30536 Win=52440 Len=0 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700 SLE=43420 SRE=46180
65 8.810606201 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=30536 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
66 8.810641092 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=35140 Win=52440 Len=0 SLE=32380 SRE=33296 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700
67 8.856490459 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 330 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=40660 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=276
68 8.856514714 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Window Update] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=35140 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=40660 SRE=40936 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700
69 9.775748115 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=35140 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
70 9.775791032 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 82 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=40936 Win=52440 Len=0 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700
71 9.821968969 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=87580 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
72 9.821992406 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Window Update] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=40936 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260 SLE=48940 SRE=51700
73 10.176466157 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=40936 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
74 10.176511928 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=46180 Win=52440 Len=0 SLE=43420 SRE=43696 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
75 10.533491944 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=46180 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
76 10.533531151 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 82 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=51700 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
79 11.487938977 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=51700 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
80 11.487983949 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 82 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=54460 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
81 11.533904915 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=104140 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
82 11.533940582 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Dup ACK 80#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=54460 Win=57960 Len=0 SLE=104140 SRE=106900 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
83 11.885482472 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=54460 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
84 11.885521789 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=57220 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=104140 SRE=106900 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
85 12.853577770 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=57220 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
86 12.853620652 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=59980 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=104140 SRE=106900 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300 SLE=65500 SRE=68260
87 12.906044223 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Window Full] [TCP Previous segment not captured] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=112420 Ack=118 Win=63363 Len=2760
88 12.906065406 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 [TCP Dup ACK 86#1] 44602 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=118 Ack=59980 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=112420 SRE=115180 SLE=104140 SRE=106900 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300
89 12.981535818 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 90 44602 → 25565 [FIN, ACK] Seq=118 Ack=59980 Win=55200 Len=0 SLE=112420 SRE=115180 SLE=104140 SRE=106900 SLE=87580 SRE=90340 SLE=76540 SRE=79300
90 13.026084367 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44602 [ACK] Seq=115180 Ack=119 Win=63363 Len=0
91 13.057004830 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 44606 → 25565 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=63480 Len=0 MSS=2760 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=2974525792 TSecr=0 WS=128
92 13.101638708 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 62 25565 → 44606 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=0 MSS=2760 SACK_PERM=1
93 13.101687138 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=0
94 13.103774881 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 74 44606 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=20
95 13.103992979 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 56 44606 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=21 Ack=1 Win=63480 Len=2
96 13.155155809 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44606 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=23 Win=63458 Len=0
97 13.577219433 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 25565 → 44606 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=23 Win=63458 Len=2760
98 13.577258814 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=23 Ack=2761 Win=60720 Len=0
99 13.869278968 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 [TCP Retransmission] 25565 → 44602 [PSH, ACK] Seq=59980 Ack=119 Win=63363 Len=2760
100 13.869308377 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44602 → 25565 [RST] Seq=119 Win=0 Len=0
101 14.544962843 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 25565 → 44606 [ACK] Seq=2761 Ack=23 Win=63458 Len=2760
102 14.544993395 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=23 Ack=5521 Win=60720 Len=0
103 15.501396856 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2814 25565 → 44606 [ACK] Seq=5521 Ack=23 Win=63458 Len=2760
104 15.501426755 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=23 Ack=8281 Win=60720 Len=0
105 15.551232714 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 2656 25565 → 44606 [PSH, ACK] Seq=8281 Ack=23 Win=63458 Len=2602
106 15.551258749 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=23 Ack=10883 Win=60720 Len=0
107 15.554164780 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 64 44606 → 25565 [PSH, ACK] Seq=23 Ack=10883 Win=60720 Len=10
108 15.600773646 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 64 25565 → 44606 [PSH, ACK] Seq=10883 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=10
109 15.600819407 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [ACK] Seq=33 Ack=10893 Win=60720 Len=0
110 15.600929437 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44606 [FIN, ACK] Seq=10893 Ack=33 Win=63448 Len=0
111 15.601400939 172.27.0.110 172.27.0.179 TCP 54 44606 → 25565 [FIN, ACK] Seq=33 Ack=10894 Win=60720 Len=0
112 15.646026620 172.27.0.179 172.27.0.110 TCP 54 25565 → 44606 [ACK] Seq=10894 Ack=34 Win=63448 Len=0
我努力了：
- 多次重启
- 重新启动 ZeroTier
- 重新安装 ZeroTier
- 将我自己重新添加到 ZT 网络
- https://www.suse.com/support/kb/doc/?id=000018696
- 安装更新，包括 2 个内核更新
- 将 NetworkManager 重置为默认值
我想避免：
- 重新安装整个系统