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无法在 debian 操作系统中安装任何软件包

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无法在 debian 操作系统中安装任何软件包

我是 Linux 新手，尝试根据要求安装 apache、wget、nfs-common 等软件包。但甚至没有一个软件包被安装，所有的软件包都在给出 -

候选人失败，如错误 -

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package wget is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'wget' has no installation candidate

输出来自sudo apt update

~$ sudo apt update
Err:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'download.docker.com'
Err:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org'
Err:3 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.us.debian.org'
Err:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:5 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org'
Err:6 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.us.debian.org'
Err:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Ign:10 cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster InRelease
Err:11 cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster Release
  Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Err:12 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'security.debian.org'
Err:13 http://security.debian.org stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'security.debian.org'
Err:14 http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.debian.org'
Err:15 https://packages.debian.org/stable/web buster InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'packages.debian.org'
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

还更新了下载包的sources.list，但也失败了

的细节sources.list

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38]/ buster main

deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38]/ buster main

# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main

# buster-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main

# new custom url
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable

# custom url 2 for debian
deb https://packages.debian.org/stable/web/ buster web

# custm url

deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stable main
deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
#                   OFFICIAL DEBIAN REPOS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

###### Debian Main Repos
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports main

# Debian Ressources
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free

操作系统：Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)

答案1

您的sources.list.同时禁用 cdrom 存储库。要更正您的sources.list，请使用以下命令（此处将文档复制并粘贴到终端中）：

cat <<EOF |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free

EOF

然后运行：

echo -e "nameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 8.8.4.4" |sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget

Debian：来源.list

答案2

发生的错误是因为使用包管理器apt install *命令时未解析源列表。当相同的链接被解决时，发生了混乱curl -I "http://..."

因此，在为包管理器配置代理设置后apt，能够下载所需的包，

为 APT 包管理器设置代理

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy

Acquire::http::proxy "http://10.10.1.10:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://10.10.1.10:8080/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://10.10.1.10:8080/";

这里是关联我用它来理解代理设置和配置-

谢谢@GAD3R @Panki @telcoM

我从您的评论和回答中得到了提示和指导:)

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