最近，我不小心对系统中的 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件进行了一些更改。因此执行后apt-get update输出充满了警告。所以我用谷歌搜索默认的sources.list并将其替换为我的。但是，当我使用存储库管理器为我找到最快的 debian 存储库时，该过程失败并显示以下消息：netselect-apt 无法检测到最快的存储库。为了您的方便，我附上照片。
当我使用终端命令时sudo netselect-apt，它给出以下输出：
使用分布稳定。 正在从 www.debian.org 检索镜像列表... 由于 HSTS 策略，URL 转换为 HTTPS --2021-06-05 09:09:00-- https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full 正在解析 www.debian.org (www.debian.org)... 128.31.0.62, 130.89.148.77, 149.20.4.15, ... 正在连接 www.debian.org (www.debian.org)|128.31.0.62|:443...已连接。 HTTP 请求已发送，正在等待响应... 200 OK 长度：129107 (126K) [text/html] 保存到：'/tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg' /tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg 100%[============================================ =================================================== ==============>] 0.9秒内126.08K 137KB/s 2021-06-05 09:09:03 (137 KB/s) - “/tmp/netselect-apt.HIfkAg”已保存 [129107/129107] 使用 netselect 选择主 Debian 镜像。 netselect-apt 无法从以下位置获取有效主机列表 从 url“http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full”下载的文件。 发生这种情况可能是由于以下任一原因： - 文件中有错误 - 文件不是 netselect-apt 预期的格式 - netselect-apt 中有一个错误 请手动检查该文件。如果您认为其内容正确，请归档 针对 netselect-apt 的错误（提示：使用“reportbug”）并将文件提供为 以及程序生成的输出（提示：使用“脚本”）。
有办法解决这个问题吗？我担心我的系统中存在损坏的软件包。
答案1
解决问题。 （netselect-apt使用netselect命令检查最快的镜像。参见/usr/bin/netselect-apt脚本）
您可以通过 手动查找最快的镜像netselect，将主机提供给netselect，它将返回最快的镜像。例如：
netselect ftp.is.co.za debian.xtdv.net
687 ftp.is.co.za
使用可用的 Debian 镜像获得最快的镜像Debian 全球镜像站点（大约360个镜像），使用以下命令：
curl https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full |\
awk 'BEGIN{FS="<tt>";RS="</tt>"}/Site/{print $2}' |xargs netselect
curl将抓取 html 格式的网页。
awk<tt>将通过提取之间的内容并</tt>使用匹配来过滤结果Site
xargs将结果作为参数传递给netselect.
例如：
curl https://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full | awk 'BEGIN{FS="<tt>";RS="</tt>"}/Site/{print $2}' |xargs netselect
...
netselect: unknown host ftp2.cn.debian.org
165 debian.connesi.it
你应该得到不同的结果，最近的镜子取决于你的地理位置。
sources.list然后用最近的镜子编辑你的。
答案2
MX Linux 中的存储库组织方式可能不同，不确定。无论如何，MX 有自己的工具 MX Repo Manager，它有一个按钮可以选择最快的存储库。
答案3
我编辑了位于 /usr/bin 位置的 netselect-apt 文件。我将代码粘贴到这里。遇到此问题的任何人都需要将 netselect-apt 文件中的内容替换为以下内容。
#!/bin/bash
#
# A script to create an apt sources.list file automatically by downloading
# the list of Debian mirrors and choosing the fastest using netselect.
#
# Author: Avery Pennarun <[email protected]>
# Enhancements:
# - Filippo Giunchedi <[email protected]>
# - Javier Fernandez-Sanguino <[email protected]>
#
# License: public domain. Please feel free to improve this script. It
# doesn't really belong in the netselect package, particularly since the
# netselect package doesn't depend on wget and this script does. If you
# feel like merging this into another package, or creating a new package,
# please do. Then tell me, so I can remove it from the netselect package.
#
# TO DO:
# - test the generated files automatically. Some mirrors in the list
# are broken. We should at least verify that the Packages and Sources
# files exist and aren't ancient.
# - maybe generate redundant entries, in case one server is missing files?
# our defaults
# RATIONALE for WANT_SOURCES and WANT_NONFREE environmental variables:
# both variables can be system wide and can be useful to not always specify
# them on the commandline
want_sources=${WANT_SOURCES:-0}
want_nonfree=${WANT_NONFREE:-0}
want_security=1
infile=""
tmpinfile="1"
# File to generate
outfile="sources.list"
# Default distribution
distro="stable"
# Default protocol
protocol="HTTP"
# Number of fastest hosts that will be validated
test_hosts="10"
# URL where the mirror list is retrieved from
url="http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full"
# Test file retrieve from sites to valide
test_file="README"
# Country used to filter the list
country=""
# Debug mode?
DEBUG=""
if [ -x /usr/bin/dpkg-architecture ] ; then
arch=$(/usr/bin/dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH)
else
arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)
fi
options="-o a:dsi:o:O:t:c:nfhu -l arch:,debug,sources,infile:,outfile:,tests:,country:,nonfree,ftp,help"
trap '[ "$tmpinfile" = "1" ] && rm -f "$infile"' TERM INT EXIT
# misc functions
log()
{
echo "$@" >&2
}
# tests a list of hosts and returns a (filtered) list of those
# that you can connect to using a defined protocol
tests_hosts()
{
local host_list="$*"
local host_filtered=""
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Filtering host list is $host_list"
# Do not continue if curl is not installed
[ ! -x /usr/bin/curl ] && echo $host_list
host_filtered=""
for host in $host_list; do
# Test using curl
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Testing host $host with curl"
test_host $host
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $hot is ALIVE"
if [ -z "$host_filtered" ] ; then
host_filtered="$host"
else
host_filtered="$host_filtered $host"
fi
fi
done
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Filtered host list is $host_filtered"
echo $host_filtered
}
validate_hosts()
{
for host in $*; do
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Testing host $host with curl"
test_host $host
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $host is valid"
echo $host
return 0
# We return as soon as we have a valid host since netselect
# returns them in order (fastest to slowest)
fi
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Host $host is INVALID"
done
return -1
}
# Test a single host using Curl, if available
test_host()
{
local host="$1"
local rv=0
[ ! -x /usr/bin/curl ] && return 255
[ -z "${host}" ] && return 255
# First test: does it actually serve anything?
curl -m 2 -q -s "$host" >/dev/null 2>&1
[ $? -ne 0 ] && return $?
# Second test: do we have the test file we are looking for?
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Checking if the file '$test_file' is available in site"
temp=`tempfile`
[ ! -e "$temp" ] && return 0 # Return without error if we cannot create
# a temporary file
curl -m 2 -q -s "$host/$test_file" >$temp 2>&1
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# Third test: does the file have any reference to 'Debian'
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Checking the contents of the '$test_file' file (downloaded to '$temp')"
grep -qi debian $temp
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# Fourth test: does it have the content we expected
head -1 $temp | grep -qi "See http://www.debian.org/"
rv=$?
if [ $rv -ne 0 ] ; then
rm -f $temp
return $rv
fi
# All tests completed succesfully, remove temporary file and exit
[ -e "$temp" ] && rm -f $temp
return 0
}
run_netselect()
{
SEARCH="$1"
PROTO="$2"
hosts=$(cat "$infile" \
| perl -n -e '
$/="<br><br>";
$country_name = ".*";
$country_iso = "..";
$country = "'"$country"'";
$my_country = 1;
if ( $country ne "" ) {
$my_country = 0;
if ( $country =~ /^\w{2}$/ ) {
$country_iso = uc($country);
$country_name = "";
} else {
$country_iso = "";
$country_name = ucfirst(lc($country));
} ;
}
while(<>){
if ( /<h3><a name="$country_iso">/ ||
/<h3><a name=".*?">$country_name<\/a>/ ) {
$my_country = 1 ;
}
if ( $_ =~ /<h3>/ && $_ !~ /<h3><a name="$country_iso">/ &&
$_ !~ /<h3><a name=".*?">$country_name<\/a>/ ) {
$my_country = 0 ;
}
next if $_ !~ /Site:/;
if( ( /Includes architectures:.+'"$arch"'.+/i ||
$_ !~ /Includes architectures:/ ) &&
m@'"$SEARCH"':.*<a.*?href="('"$PROTO"'://.*?)">@i && $my_country == 1
){
print("$1\n");
}}')
[ -z "$hosts" ] && return 200
[ -n "$DEBUG" ] && log "DEBUG: Running netselect: 'netselect $netselect_options $hosts'"
out=`netselect $netselect_options $hosts`
rv=$?
# Throw away hosts with negative scores to workaround a netselect bug.
# (netselect 0.3.ds1-25 seems to have problems pinging round-robin DNS)
corruptedhosts=$(echo "$out" | egrep '^ *-')
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
log "Detected corrupt scores from bug in netselect: $corruptedhosts"
out=$(echo "$out" | sed -e '/^-/d')
fi
# Remove the score number leaving just the host.
echo $out | sed -e 's/[0-9]\+\s\+/ /g'
return $rv
}
netselect_generic_error()
{
log "netselect was unable to find a mirror, this probably means that"
log "you are behind a firewall and it is blocking ICMP and/or"
log "UDP traceroute. Or the servers test are actively blocking"
log "ICMP and/or UDP traceroute probes."
}
netselect_permission_error()
{
log "netselect was unable to operate successfully, please check the errors,"
log "most likely you don't have enough permission."
}
netselect_parse_error ()
{
log "netselect-apt was unable to obtain a list of valid hosts from"
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "0" ] ;then
log "the file provided ($infile)."
else
log "the file downloaded from the url '$url'."
fi
if [ -n "$country" ] ; then
log "You told the program to only look for hosts in country '$country' "
log "and there might no mirrors to chose from that country. Remove the "
log "option -c and try again."
else
log "This might happen because of any of the following reasons: "
log " - there was an error in the file "
log " - the file is not in the format netselect-apt expected "
log " - there is a bug in netselect-apt "
log "Please manually check the file. If you believe its contents are correct, file "
log "a bug (hint: use 'reportbug') against netselect-apt and provide the file as "
log "well as the output generated by the program (hint: use 'script')."
fi
}
netselect_aborted_error ()
{
log "netselect aborted before it was able to find a mirror."
}
usage()
{
log "Usage: netselect-apt [OPTIONS] [ debian_release ]"
log " debian_release is one of stable, testing, unstable, experimental"
log " or a codename etch, lenny, squeeze, wheezy, jessie, stretch, sid"
log "Options:"
log " -a, --arch ARCH Use mirrors containing arch ($arch)"
log " -s, --sources Include deb-src lines in generated file (no)"
log " -i, --infile INFILE Use INFILE as the input file (temp file)"
log " -o, --outfile OUTFILE Use OUTFILE as the output file (sources.list)"
log " -n, --nonfree Use also non-free packages in OUTFILE (no)"
log " -f, --ftp Use FTP as the protocol for OUTFILE (HTTP)"
log " -t, --tests # Number of hosts to test ($test_hosts)"
log " -c, --country COUNTRY Restrict search to servers in that country"
log " -d, --debug Enable debugging"
}
# Sanity tests
NETSELECT=`which netselect`
# Does netselect exist?
if [ -z "$NETSELECT" ] ; then
log "Sorry, I cannot find the 'netselect' binary in my PATH"
exit 1
fi
# Are we root?
if [ "`id -u`" -gt 0 ] ; then
# If we are not, is netselect setuid?
if [ ! -u "$NETSELECT" ] ; then
log "Sorry, you need to be root to run $0 since the netselect"
log "binary we will use ($NETSELECT) is not setuid."
exit 1
fi
fi
# commandline parsing
# TODO: We should do some sanity checking of some values
# (such as test_hosts to ensure it is a number > 1)
temp=$(getopt $options -n 'netselect-apt' -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ]; then echo "Terminating..." >&2; exit 2; fi
eval set -- "$temp"
while true; do
case "$1" in
-a|--arch) arch=$2; shift 2 ;;
-s|--sources) want_sources=1; shift ;;
-i|--infile) infile="$2"; tmpinfile="0"; shift 2 ;;
-o|--outfile) outfile="$2"; shift 2 ;;
-O) netselect_options="$netselect_options $2"; shift 2 ;;
-n|--nonfree) want_nonfree=1; shift ;;
-c|--country) country=$2; shift 2 ;;
-t|--tests) test_hosts=$2; shift 2 ;;
-f|--ftp) protocol="FTP"; shift ;;
-d|--debug) DEBUG=1; shift ;;
-h|--help) usage; exit 0;;
--) shift; break;;
*) echo "Internal Error!"; echo "args: $@"; exit 1;;
esac
done
# Default netselect options
netselect_options="-D -I -v -s $test_hosts"
# The '-s number' option can be used to display the top 'number' best
# hosts. This is useful for finding the best host to use in a sources.list file
# that is shared between several hosts on different networks in the same
# geographical location. For example, it would be better to choose a host that
# is #2 on all hosts than #1 on one host but is #50 on all the rest.
# distro is a non-option for backward compatibility
case "$1" in
# don't forget to update the usage with new codenames
stable|testing|unstable|experimental|etch|lenny|squeeze|wheezy|jessie|stretch|sid) distro="$1" ;;
'') ;;
*) log "Invalid distribution: $1"; exit 1 ;;
esac
if [ "$distro" != "stable" ]; then
want_security=0
fi
# netselect starting
log "Using distribution $distro."
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "0" -a ! -f "$infile" -a ! -x /usr/bin/wget ]; then
log "Sorry, this script requires the 'wget' package in order to run."
log "You can also download the mirrors list yourself and pass it"
log "with -i option, consult the manpage for further details:"
log " $url"
exit 2
fi
if [ ! -f "$infile" ]; then
if [ "$tmpinfile" = "1" ]; then
infile=$(mktemp -t netselect-apt.XXXXXX) ||
{ log "unable to create tempfile"; exit 2; }
fi
log "Retrieving the list of mirrors from www.debian.org..."
log
if ! /usr/bin/wget -O "$infile" "$url"; then
log "$0: wget failed to retrieve $url."
log "Please try to correct the problem by reading the wget "
log " messages printed above."
exit 2
fi
else
log "$infile has been found."
log "I'll use that, rather than downloading it again."
log
fi
log "Choosing a main Debian mirror using netselect."
if [ -n "$country" ]; then
log "(will filter only for mirrors in country $country)"
fi
hosts_netselect=$(run_netselect "Packages over $protocol" $protocol)
netselect_rv=$?
if [ $netselect_rv -eq 0 ] ; then
if [ ! -z "$hosts_netselect" ] ; then
if [ "$test_hosts" -gt 1 ]; then
log "The fastest $test_hosts servers seem to be:"
echo "$hosts_netselect" | sed -e 's/\s\+/\n\t/g'
log
else
log "The fastest server seems to be:"
log " $hosts_netselect"
log
fi
main=$(validate_hosts $hosts_netselect)
if [ ! -z "$main" ] ; then
if [ "$test_hosts" -gt 1 ]; then
log "Of the hosts tested we choose the fastest valid for $protocol:"
log " $main"
log
else
log "and is a valid server for $protocol."
fi
else
log "No valid servers were found that could be reachable"
log "through $PROTO. Netselect found these hosts to be "
log "closest to you, but we could not connect to any "
log "of them using that protocol."
exit 2
fi
else
netselect_generic_error
exit 2
fi
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 6 ]; then
netselect_permission_error
exit 2
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 130 ]; then
netselect_aborted_error
exit 2
elif [ $netselect_rv -eq 200 ]; then
netselect_parse_error
exit 2
else
netselect_generic_error
exit 2
fi
log "Writing $outfile."
if [ -f "$outfile" ]; then
destfile="$outfile.$(date +%s)"
log "$outfile exists, moving to $destfile"
mv $outfile $destfile
fi
sections="main contrib"
if [ "$want_nonfree" -eq 1 ]; then sections="$sections non-free"; fi
(
echo "# Debian packages for $distro"
echo "deb $main $distro $sections"
echo "# Uncomment the deb-src line if you want 'apt-get source'"
echo "# to work with most packages."
if [ "$want_sources" -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "# "
fi
echo "deb-src $main $distro $sections"
echo
echo "# Security updates for stable"
if [ "$want_security" -eq 0 ]; then
echo -n "# "
fi
echo "deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates $sections"
) > $outfile
echo "Done."
如果有人仍然遇到任何进一步的问题，请在此发表评论。