我正在通过 Buster 向后移植运行带有内核 5.10 的 Debian 10。 amd 安装的驱动程序是 amdgpu，根据我的理解，输出dmesg告诉我驱动程序正在被识别，
[ 2.774224] [drm] amdgpu kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 2.774409] amdgpu: Topology: Add CPU node
[ 2.774596] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: Trusted Memory Zone (TMZ) feature not supported
[ 2.792960] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: Fetched VBIOS from ATRM
[ 2.792962] amdgpu: ATOM BIOS: BR64533.001
[ 2.811910] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_k_mc.bin
[ 2.811918] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: VRAM: 2048M 0x000000F400000000 - 0x000000F47FFFFFFF (2048M used)
[ 2.811919] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: GART: 256M 0x000000FF00000000 - 0x000000FF0FFFFFFF
[ 2.811996] [drm] amdgpu: 2048M of VRAM memory ready
[ 2.811997] [drm] amdgpu: 3072M of GTT memory ready.
[ 2.812695] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_pfp_2.bin
[ 2.812704] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_me_2.bin
[ 2.812712] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_ce_2.bin
[ 2.812721] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_rlc.bin
[ 2.812776] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_mec_2.bin
[ 2.812832] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_mec2_2.bin
[ 2.813340] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_sdma.bin
[ 2.813348] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_sdma1.bin
[ 2.813383] amdgpu: hwmgr_sw_init smu backed is polaris10_smu
[ 2.813465] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_uvd.bin
[ 2.814530] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_vce.bin
[ 2.815130] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware amdgpu/polaris12_k_smc.bin
[ 3.051566] amdgpu 0000:03:00.0: amdgpu: SE 2, SH per SE 1, CU per SH 5, active_cu_number 10
[ 3.055642] [drm] Initialized amdgpu 3.40.0 20150101 for 0000:03:00.0 on minor 1
并lshw -c video显示集成和专用 GPU
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Intel Corporation
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:130 memory:c1000000-c1ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff ioport:4000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
*-display
description: Display controller
product: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
version: c0
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=amdgpu latency=0
resources: irq:131 memory:b0000000-bfffffff memory:c0000000-c01fffff ioport:3000(size=256) memory:c2300000-c233ffff memory:c2340000-c235ffff
但是，当我运行glxinfo -B或DRI_PRIME=1 glxinfo -B 输出是
name of display: :0
display: :0 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
Vendor: VMware, Inc. (0xffffffff)
Device: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0, 256 bits) (0xffffffff)
Version: 18.3.6
Accelerated: no
Video memory: 15817MB
Unified memory: no
Preferred profile: core (0x1)
Max core profile version: 3.3
Max compat profile version: 3.1
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: VMware, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0, 256 bits)
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL version string: 3.1 Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.40
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00
我尝试过运行也可以使用 GPU 的程序，但它们似乎继续使用 VMWare llvmpipe gpu，输出radeontop始终显示为 0%。如何让我的机器使用 amdgpu？
答案1
找出解决方案并发布以防其他人遇到同样的问题。出现此问题的原因是，对于我使用的特定 cpu（第 10 代），Debian buster 中的 mesa 库已过时。更新到 Debian 11 或从 Debian 11 下载 mesa 库应该可以解决该问题。