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apt/dpkg 不支持 zst 压缩

tag-icon • tag-icon debian apt dpkg zstd
apt/dpkg 不支持 zst 压缩

我正在运行 Debian，即：

# uname -A
Linux martlins2 5.10.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.46-4 (2021-08-03) x86_64 GNU/Linux

一段时间以来，我看到一些错误表明一些部分一些包用途未知压缩时做apt update。特别是，问题的原因在于dpkg：

# apt update
(...)
# apt upgrade
(...)
dpkg-deb: error: archive '/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb' uses unknown compression for member 'control.tar.zst', giving up
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/DebianFiles.py", line 124, in readdeb
    output = subprocess.check_output(command)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 424, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 528, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['dpkg-deb', '-f', '/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb', 'Package', 'Source', 'Version', 'Architecture', 'Status']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 323, in <module>
    main(config)
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 104, in main
    pkg = DebianFiles.Package(deb)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/DebianFiles.py", line 358, in __init__
    parser.readdeb(self.path)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/DebianFiles.py", line 127, in readdeb
    raise RuntimeError(_("Error processing '%(what)s': %(errmsg)s") %
RuntimeError: Error processing '/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb': Command '['dpkg-deb', '-f', '/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb', 'Package', 'Source', 'Version', 'Architecture', 'Status']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

dpkg-deb: error: archive '/tmp/apt-dpkg-install-XiLPN8/01-libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb' uses unknown compression for member 'control.tar
.zst', giving up
dpkg: error processing archive /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-XiLPN8/01-libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
(...)
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-XiLPN8/01-libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb
(...)
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

为了证明这一点，我dpkg直接运行命令（简化）：

# dpkg -f /var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb 'Package'
dpkg-deb: error: archive '/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb' uses unknown compression for member 'control.tar.zst', giving up

该文件确实使用了这样的压缩：

# file /var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/libdrm-amdgpu1_2.4.107+git2109030500.d201a4~oibaf~i_amd64.deb: Debian binary package (format 2.0), with control.tar.zs, data compression zst

我确实已经安装了该zstd软件包：

# apt search zstd
(...)
libzstd1/stable,stable,now 1.4.8+dfsg-2.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
  fast lossless compression algorithm
(...)
zstd/stable,stable,now 1.4.8+dfsg-2.1 amd64 [installed]
  fast lossless compression algorithm -- CLI tool

此外，我发现了以下 dpkg bugreport：https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dpkg/+bug/17642201.18.4ubuntu1.7说版本中添加了 zstd 支持。我的 dpkg 版本是1.20.9：

# dpkg --version
Debian 'dpkg' package management program version 1.20.9 (amd64).
(...)

以便可能不是问题。

/var/cache/apt/archives/*我还删除了和 red的全部内容update && upgrade。没有帮助。

您有什么建议吗？是否还有/还有其他包裹丢失吗？ Debian版本没有这个功能吗？是配置问题吗？有什么解决方法吗？

答案1

Debian 的dpkg软件包zstd1.21.18之前的版本不支持压缩。支持正好赶上 Debian 12 添加。

我猜你已经添加了 Ubuntu PPA；你不应该在 Debian 中使用它们。

答案2

如果您运行的是 Debian < 12 并且需要安装使用 zstd 的 .deb 软件包，您可以重新打包它：

# Extract files from the archive
ar x some-package.deb
# Uncompress zstd files an re-compress them using xz
zstd -d < control.tar.zst | xz > control.tar.xz
zstd -d < data.tar.zst | xz > data.tar.xz
# Re-create the Debian package in /tmp/
ar -m -c -a sdsd /tmp/some-package.deb debian-binary control.tar.xz data.tar.xz
# Clean up
rm debian-binary control.tar.xz data.tar.xz control.tar.zst data.tar.zst

您现在应该能够安装新生成的包：

apt-get install /tmp/some-package.deb

答案3

为了扩展 @stephen-kitt 的答案，当用户添加一个 debian 官方存储库（例如bookworm）/etc/apt/sources.list，然后意外升级dpkg到 Debian 版本时，这种情况也可能发生在 Ubuntu 中。

这种情况下的修复方法是删除源代码和sudo apt upgrade dpkg/jammy-updates/或apt list.

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