使用默认的sources.list
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main
apt update未连接到 VPN 时工作正常，但连接到 VPN 后，和组件apt update超时：bullseyebullseye-security
$ apt update
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease [113 kB]
Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease
Connection timed out [IP: 151.101.54.132 80]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease [44.1 kB]
Err:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease
Connection timed out [IP: 151.101.54.132 80]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease [36.8 kB]
Fetched 36.8 kB in 1min 1s (601 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/InRelease Connection timed out [IP: 151.101.54.132 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bullseye-security/InRelease Connection timed out [IP: 151.101.54.132 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
如何apt update通过 VPN 连接运行？
答案1
看起来deb.debian.orgVPN 屏蔽比某些镜像更严格。更新您的sources.list以使用本地镜像对于该bullseye组件，以及security该security组件的子域，可以允许apt update继续。例如，当我在美国连接到 VPN 时，以下sources.list 适用于我：
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main