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在 Debian 上使用 update-alternatives 切换到 Python3.7.9 时 Pip 中断

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在 Debian 上使用 update-alternatives 切换到 Python3.7.9 时 Pip 中断

我使用的是 Debian 11，它附带了 python3.9。但我不需要它，我需要python3.7。因此，我安装了 pythonn3.7.9 并更新了替代方案。

问题是，当我将 python 版本切换到 3.7.9 时，我无法使用 pip 安装任何东西。我在pip install命令中收到以下错误：

sudo pip3 install requests
[sudo] password for deby: 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 10, in <module>
    from importlib.metadata import distribution
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib.metadata'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 13, in <module>
    from importlib_metadata import distribution
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib_metadata'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 584, in _build_master
    ws.require(__requires__)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 901, in require
    needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 792, in resolve
    raise VersionConflict(dist, req).with_context(dependent_req)
pkg_resources.VersionConflict: (pip 20.1.1 (/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages), Requirement.parse('pip==20.3.4'))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 15, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3261, in <module>
    @_call_aside
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3245, in _call_aside
    f(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3274, in _initialize_master_working_set
    working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 586, in _build_master
    return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 599, in _build_from_requirements
    dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 787, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==20.3.4' distribution was not found and is required by the application

但是当我切换回 Python3.9 时，Pip 就可以工作了。我不知道如何解决这个问题。我在谷歌上查了一下，但找不到有人遇到类似问题的问题。

在此输入图像描述

答案1

第一个异常ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'importlib_metadata'指出 pip 无法找到导入库.元数据Python 3.8 中添加的模块，因此 Debian 存储库中的 pip 与您手动安装的 Python 3.7 不兼容。您可以手动安装旧版本的 pip，但我建议使用也可以设置的 Python 虚拟环境不同的Python版本。

所以你可以做类似的事情

$ python3.7 -m venv python37
$ source python37/bin/activate

并使用您安装的 Python 3.7 版本，而无需实际更改/usr/bin/python3系统范围内的内容，也不会破坏除 pip 之外的其他内容。

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