我在家里运行一个linux服务器。服务器有4*2TB硬盘，运行snapraid进行奇偶校验。每个驱动器都是单独安装的，通过合并器联合到一个驱动器上。
今天我注意到一个驱动器被安装为只读。经过一番调查，我换了一根SATA线并切换了SATA端口，但并没有解决问题。
每次重新启动后，驱动器都会工作几分钟，然后发生 I/O 错误，并且以只读方式安装。 FSCK 已经运行，修复了一些错误，很干净。
一切都已备份，此外还有来自 snapraid 的奇偶校验驱动器。我想知道这个驱动器是否坏了，因为它是我的服务器中最年轻的驱动器（最旧的驱动器是旧驱动器的两倍）。
所以我该怎么做？代替？我正在考虑用 3*4TB 替换所有驱动器，以防止将来出现故障。恐怕不久的将来会有更多的驱动器出现故障。
干杯并感谢回复
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117220] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x80 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117314] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117374] ata5.00: cmd 60/00:38:78:32:56/01:00:e4:00:00/40 tag 7 ncq dma 131072 in
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117374] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117507] ata5.00: status: { DRDY }
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.117550] ata5: hard resetting link
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.432312] ata5: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.434545] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.434551] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.434555] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437078] ata5.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437083] ata5.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:00:00:00:00:00 (SECURITY FREEZE LOCK) filtered out
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437087] ata5.00: ACPI cmd b1/c1:00:00:00:00:00 (DEVICE CONFIGURATION OVERLAY) filtered out
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437657] ata5.00: configured for UDMA/133
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437687] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#28 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_TIMEOUT
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437695] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#28 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 74 44 4a d0 00 00 08 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437699] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 1950632656
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437851] Aborting journal on device dm-2-8.
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437868] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#29 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_TIMEOUT
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437920] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#29 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 e4 56 31 78 00 01 00 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.437924] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 3830854008
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438073] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#19 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_TIMEOUT
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438079] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#19 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 0b 02 67 20 00 00 08 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438082] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 184706848
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438214] EXT4-fs error (device dm-2) in ext4_da_write_begin:3113: IO failure
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438216] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#6 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_TIMEOUT
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438223] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#6 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 30 27 0a 00 00 02 00 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438304] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 807864832
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438440] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#5 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_TIMEOUT
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438446] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#5 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 30 27 08 00 00 02 00 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438449] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 807864320
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438592] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#7 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438598] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#7 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438605] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#7 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438610] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] tag#7 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 e4 56 32 78 00 01 00 00
Oct 5 19:18:38 storage kernel: [ 2534.438614] print_req_error: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 3830854264
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.19.0-16-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital AV-GP (AF)
Device Model: WDC WD20EURX-63T0FY0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4M1933067
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 209c98f92
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Oct 5 20:25:48 2021 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x85) Offline data collection activity
was aborted by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (26940) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 272) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x7035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 199 199 051 Pre-fail Always - 4331
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 174 172 021 Pre-fail Always - 4258
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2448
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 078 078 000 Old_age Always - 16390
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 54
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 43
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2405
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 122 100 000 Old_age Always - 25
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 194
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 1
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 606 hours (25 days + 6 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 51 01 00 00 00 00 Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
b0 d5 01 e1 4f c2 00 08 1d+14:10:24.946 SMART READ LOG
b0 d5 01 00 4f c2 00 08 1d+14:10:24.946 SMART READ LOG
b0 d6 01 e0 4f c2 00 08 1d+14:10:24.946 SMART WRITE LOG
b0 d6 01 e0 4f c2 00 08 1d+14:10:24.945 SMART WRITE LOG
b0 d5 01 e0 4f c2 00 08 1d+14:10:24.944 SMART READ LOG
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16380 -
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16356 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16333 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16305 -
# 5 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 16299 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16237 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16213 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16198 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16116 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16092 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16074 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16046 -
#13 Short offline Completed without error 00% 16022 -
#14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15994 -
#15 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15974 -
#16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15950 -
#17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15924 -
#18 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15902 -
#19 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15874 -
#20 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15852 -
#21 Short offline Completed without error 00% 15832 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.