我有一个旧的希捷 4TB 内置硬盘，来自一台废弃的电脑，我打算将其重新用作游戏的备用硬盘。
为了安全起见，我想先对其运行一些 smartctl 扫描，所以我这样做了smartctl -t short /dev/sdb并得到了结果。它们对我来说看起来不错，因为我没有看到“WHEN_FAILED”列中列出的任何内容（最初我主要关心与温度相关的错误）。但后来我看到2018年的一篇文章 提到“Current_Pending_Sector”非常严重...而我的不为零...而且我确实有一些错误...因为我无法真正理解是否要关心它们，我想我会尝试SE。
到目前为止，我最好的猜测是，我不应该在它上面放置任何关键的东西，但是如果我对保存文件夹进行符号链接，那么它们可能就可以用于游戏，这样它们就存在于其他地方（在具有更好智能结果的驱动器上）并且不存在如果驱动器出现故障，请介意重新下载已安装的游戏。也不确定“READ DMA EXT”错误是否表明即将发生故障，或者是否可能是电缆或其他一次性事件（我只能看到错误 35-39，它们都发生在“16936 小时”...不确定是否有办法查看所有错误，或者是否像它所说的那样仅存储最后 5 个错误）。 OTOH，我在安装它或从它复制数据时没有任何问题（这是一个亲戚的，他们不再想要它了；只是其中的一些图片/视频）。
如果至少有相当大的可能性驱动器可能还有一些寿命，我不介意用它来换一些不那么重要的东西。但它很可能在不久的将来失败，我宁愿不浪费任何时间在它上面，除了购买一块新磁铁:-) 有什么建议/建议吗？
不管怎样，我重新跑了，smartctl -t long /dev/sdb等到第二天再跑smartctl -a /dev/sdb。以下是结果：
I_AM_ROOT@fedora35:~
# smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.15.7-200.fc35.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Desktop HDD.15
Device Model: ST4000DM000-1F2168
Serial Number: <Redacted>
LU WWN Device Id: <Redacted>
Firmware Version: CC54
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5900 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Dec 17 11:44:49 2021 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 118) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 168) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 528) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x1085) SCT Status supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 119 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 233492808
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 092 091 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1890
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 044 039 030 Pre-fail Always - 678608011490
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 065 065 000 Old_age Always - 30836
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1206
183 Runtime_Bad_Block 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 061 061 000 Old_age Always - 39
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 071 058 045 Old_age Always - 29 (Min/Max 27/32)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 304
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 084 084 000 Old_age Always - 32204
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 029 042 000 Old_age Always - 29 (0 12 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 16
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 16
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 23293h+16m+41.533s
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 19236444339
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 27220280383
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 39 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 39 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 16936 hours (705 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:22.764 READ DMA EXT
25 00 40 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:22.762 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:22.736 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:22.735 READ DMA EXT
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 04:59:22.735 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 38 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 16936 hours (705 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:18.709 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:18.696 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:18.693 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:18.631 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:59:18.631 READ DMA EXT
Error 37 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 16936 hours (705 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:53.914 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:53.914 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:53.882 READ DMA EXT
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 04:57:53.881 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 04:57:53.881 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
Error 36 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 16936 hours (705 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:49.903 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:49.903 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:49.903 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:49.903 READ DMA EXT
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:49.903 READ DMA EXT
Error 35 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 16936 hours (705 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:45.210 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:45.181 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:45.179 READ DMA EXT
25 00 00 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:45.178 READ DMA EXT
25 00 58 ff ff ff ef 00 04:57:45.149 READ DMA EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 60% 30817 3723785408
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 30812 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
SMART 还不错，但您的 HDD 固件无法修复某些错误。
考虑到您现在完全知道哪个扇区损坏了，您可以尝试使用 dd 重新分配它：
https://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/BadBlockHowto
尽管如此，该硬盘现在使用起来并不安全，因此即使您设法修复它，也请考虑仅使用该硬盘来存储您可能会丢失的非必要信息。