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为什么 Raspbian apt-get 无法正确解析软件包版本？

tag-icon • tag-icon apt software-installation raspberry-pi raspbian debian-installer
为什么 Raspbian apt-get 无法正确解析软件包版本？

我正在尝试在 RaspberryPi（可能是型号 3B）上安装几个实用程序，但我在apt-get解析软件包版本的命令方面遇到问题。

具体来说，尝试安装时minicom，我收到以下错误。它也与“telnet”和“putty”类似：

$ sudo apt-get install minicom
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  lrzsz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lrzsz minicom
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 317 not upgraded.
Need to get 332 kB of archives.
After this operation, 997 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  lrzsz minicom
Install these packages without verification? [y/N] y
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main lrzsz armhf 0.12.21-7
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main minicom armhf 2.7-1+deb8u1
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/l/lrzsz/lrzsz_0.12.21-7_armhf.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

E: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/m/minicom/minicom_2.7-1+deb8u1_armhf.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

按照错误消息的建议，我尝试更新，但遇到类似的错误：

$ sudo apt-get update
Hit http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie InRelease
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie InRelease
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie Release.gpg
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie Release
Hit http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main armhf Packages
Hit http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui armhf Packages
Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui Translation-en
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/main armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/contrib armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/non-free armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/rpi armhf Packages
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/contrib Translation-en
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/main Translation-en
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/non-free Translation-en
Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/rpi Translation-en
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/jessie/main/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/jessie/contrib/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/jessie/non-free/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/dists/jessie/rpi/binary-armhf/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

... 并且：

$ sudo apt-get install minicom --fix-missing
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  lrzsz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lrzsz minicom
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 317 not upgraded.
Need to get 332 kB of archives.
After this operation, 997 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  lrzsz minicom
Install these packages without verification? [y/N] y
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main lrzsz armhf 0.12.21-7
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
Err http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main minicom armhf 2.7-1+deb8u1
  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/l/lrzsz/lrzsz_0.12.21-7_armhf.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

E: Failed to fetch http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/m/minicom/minicom_2.7-1+deb8u1_armhf.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 93.93.128.193 80]

E: Internal Error, ordering was unable to handle the media swap

浏览 URL 时，问题似乎在于apt-get查找旧版本的软件包，这些版本已不再位于存储库中。

我怎样才能解决这个问题？

更新：从评论来看，解决此问题的方法似乎是更新（重新安装）操作系统版本。在咨询了负责维护我们的设置的人员后，我们碰巧在这些机器上运行了许多专有和遗留的部分，因此决定不久前冻结配置。

我可以告诉我apt-get寻找旧的软件包版本吗？如果是这样，我在哪里可以找到这些版本？

答案1

发现这里，您必须将所有出现的 archive.raspberrypi.org 或mirrordirector.raspbian.org 替换为legacy.raspbian.org（这是一个官方网站）。

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