我刚刚在我的旧笔记本中安装了 Debian 11 LXDE，没有任何非免费软件包。
除了屏幕显示出现一些问题外，一切都很顺利。其中一些问题可以通过将 BIOS 从 LEGACY 切换到 UEFI 模式并重新安装 Debian 来解决。然而，即便如此，一些令人不愉快的问题仍然存在：
- 无背光亮度控制
- ScreenLock（和其他类似软件）无法关闭背光
所有这些问题都可以通过安装非免费软件包轻松解决firmware-amd-graphics。然而，根据一些消息来源：
- “非自由包括不符合 DFSG（Debian 自由软件指南）的软件包”，维基百科
- “非自由软件是为那些想要冒其弊病风险的人提供的。在盲目安装非自由软件之前，最好先询问是否有免费的替代品。”,Debian 维基
问题
因此，正如 Debian Wiki 所建议的那样，是否有 DFSG 替代方案来避免非自由软件包firmware-amd-graphics？
系统规格
产品名称：Aspire E1-421 APU
中央处理器：AMD E1-1200 APU @ 1400 MHz
图形处理器：Radeon(tm) 高清显卡
root@debian:~# journalctl -b | grep -i "vga\|radeon\|kms\|drm"
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: smpboot: CPU0: AMD E1-1200 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics (family: 0x14, model: 0x2, stepping: 0x0)
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0: vgaarb: setting as boot VGA device
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0: vgaarb: VGA device added: decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0: vgaarb: bridge control possible
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: vgaarb: loaded
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: fb0: EFI VGA frame buffer device
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: ACPI: Video Device [VGA] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no)
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian kernel: [drm:radeon_pci_probe [radeon]] *ERROR* radeon kernel modesetting for R600 or later requires firmware installed
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Module drm...
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian systemd[1]: [email protected]: Succeeded.
Jan 28 22:30:33 debian systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Module drm.
root@debian:~# lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display'
00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Wrestler [Radeon HD 7310]
Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Wrestler [Radeon HD 7310]
Kernel modules: radeon
00:01.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Wrestler HDMI Audio
root@debian:~# lsmod | grep "kms\|drm"
drm_kms_helper 278528 1 radeon
cec 61440 1 drm_kms_helper
drm 618496 3 drm_kms_helper,radeon,ttm
root@debian:~# modinfo drm_kms_helper
filename: /lib/modules/5.10.0-11-amd64/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_kms_helper.ko
license: GPL and additional rights
description: DRM KMS helper
author: David Airlie, Jesse Barnes
license: GPL
depends: drm,cec
retpoline: Y
intree: Y
name: drm_kms_helper
vermagic: 5.10.0-11-amd64 SMP mod_unload modversions
sig_id: PKCS#7
signer: Debian Secure Boot CA
sig_key: 4B:6E:F5:AB:CA:66:98:25:17:8E:05:2C:84:66:7C:CB:C0:53:1F:8C
sig_hashalgo: sha256
signature: 0D:81:25:6D:08:D1:C4:83:0F:49:AA:AE:71:B8:89:84:E6:04:8D:5E:
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parm: drm_dp_cec_unregister_delay:CEC unregister delay in seconds, 0: no delay, >= 1000: never unregister (uint)
parm: fbdev_emulation:Enable legacy fbdev emulation [default=true] (bool)
parm: drm_fbdev_overalloc:Overallocation of the fbdev buffer (%) [default=100] (int)
parm: edid_firmware:DEPRECATED. Use drm.edid_firmware module parameter instead. (charp)
parm: poll:bool
parm: dp_aux_i2c_speed_khz:Assumed speed of the i2c bus in kHz, (1-400, default 10) (int)
parm: dp_aux_i2c_transfer_size:Number of bytes to transfer in a single I2C over DP AUX CH message, (1-16, default 16) (int)
root@debian:~# modinfo cec
filename: /lib/modules/5.10.0-11-amd64/kernel/drivers/media/cec/core/cec.ko
license: GPL
description: Device node registration for cec drivers
author: Hans Verkuil <[email protected]>
depends:
retpoline: Y
intree: Y
name: cec
vermagic: 5.10.0-11-amd64 SMP mod_unload modversions
sig_id: PKCS#7
signer: Debian Secure Boot CA
sig_key: 4B:6E:F5:AB:CA:66:98:25:17:8E:05:2C:84:66:7C:CB:C0:53:1F:8C
sig_hashalgo: sha256
signature: AF:93:56:FC:05:50:7F:3E:9A:73:C5:C9:58:9D:C0:82:03:BF:ED:C5:
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parm: debug:debug level (0-2) (int)
parm: debug_phys_addr:add CEC_CAP_PHYS_ADDR if set (bool)
root@debian:~# modinfo drm
filename: /lib/modules/5.10.0-11-amd64/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/drm.ko
license: GPL and additional rights
description: DRM shared core routines
author: Gareth Hughes, Leif Delgass, José Fonseca, Jon Smirl
license: GPL and additional rights
description: DRM bridge infrastructure
author: Ajay Kumar <[email protected]>
license: GPL and additional rights
description: DRM panel infrastructure
author: Thierry Reding <[email protected]>
depends:
retpoline: Y
intree: Y
name: drm
vermagic: 5.10.0-11-amd64 SMP mod_unload modversions
sig_id: PKCS#7
signer: Debian Secure Boot CA
sig_key: 4B:6E:F5:AB:CA:66:98:25:17:8E:05:2C:84:66:7C:CB:C0:53:1F:8C
sig_hashalgo: sha256
signature: 6A:01:C0:42:CA:61:EB:E7:CA:FA:A1:22:62:41:E4:50:87:00:B2:B9:
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B1:56:50:1C:8D:26:7D:6A:A6:36:09:3F:FE:89:AC:8D
parm: edid_firmware:Do not probe monitor, use specified EDID blob from built-in data or /lib/firmware instead. (string)
parm: vblankoffdelay:Delay until vblank irq auto-disable [msecs] (0: never disable, <0: disable immediately) (int)
parm: timestamp_precision_usec:Max. error on timestamps [usecs] (int)
parm: debug:Enable debug output, where each bit enables a debug category.
Bit 0 (0x01) will enable CORE messages (drm core code)
Bit 1 (0x02) will enable DRIVER messages (drm controller code)
Bit 2 (0x04) will enable KMS messages (modesetting code)
Bit 3 (0x08) will enable PRIME messages (prime code)
Bit 4 (0x10) will enable ATOMIC messages (atomic code)
Bit 5 (0x20) will enable VBL messages (vblank code)
Bit 7 (0x80) will enable LEASE messages (leasing code)
Bit 8 (0x100) will enable DP messages (displayport code) (int)
parm: edid_fixup:Minimum number of valid EDID header bytes (0-8, default 6) (int)