我使用的是 CentOS 7.9，我有 Asus H110M-E（内置音频和视频）和 GeForce GT 710 显卡，并通过以下方式安装了驱动程序yum：
(1/4): nvidia-x11-drv-470.103.01-1.el7_9.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 4.5 MB 00:00:02
(2/4): kmod-nvidia-470.103.01-1.el7_9.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 48 MB 00:00:03
(3/4): yum-plugin-nvidia-1.0.2-1.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00
(4/4): nvidia-x11-drv-libs-470.103.01-1.el7_9.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
我没有使用最新版本（版本 510），因为 Nvidia 在版本 470 之后删除了对 GeForce GT 710 的支持。
我正在尝试使用 GeForce GT 710 的 HDMI 将音频输出到我的三星电视。
但是，没有音频（但有视频）。我查看了一下dmesg，这些行看起来很可疑：
[ 3.194768] asus_wmi: Disabling ACPI video driver
[ 3.218574] AVX2 version of gcm_enc/dec engaged.
[ 3.218576] AES CTR mode by8 optimization enabled
[ 3.226895] alg: No test for __gcm-aes-aesni (__driver-gcm-aes-aesni)
[ 3.226930] alg: No test for __generic-gcm-aes-aesni (__driver-generic-gcm-aes-aesni)
[ 3.242290] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 3.242459] snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: Disabling MSI
[ 3.242464] snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: Handle vga_switcheroo audio client
[ 3.265463] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: irq 125 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 3.300528] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: autoconfig for ALC887-VD: line_outs=1 (0x14/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0) type:line
[ 3.300532] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 3.300534] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: hp_outs=1 (0x1b/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 3.300536] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 3.300538] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: dig-out=0x11/0x0
[ 3.300540] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: inputs:
[ 3.300542] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: Front Mic=0x19
[ 3.300544] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: Rear Mic=0x18
[ 3.300546] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: Line=0x1a
[ 3.301579] kvm: disabled by bios
[ 3.314616] kvm: disabled by bios
[ 3.316354] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain package
[ 3.316358] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain core
[ 3.316360] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain uncore
[ 3.316362] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain dram
[ 3.330539] snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC0D2: No i915 binding for Intel HDMI/DP codec
[ 3.332496] kvm: disabled by bios
[ 3.332523] hdaudio hdaudioC0D2: Unable to bind the codec
[ 3.333055] resource sanity check: requesting [mem 0xfdffe800-0xfe0007ff], which spans more than pnp 00:07 [mem 0xfdb00000-0xfdffffff]
[ 3.333058] caller pmc_core_probe+0x8f/0x1000 [intel_pmc_core] mapping multiple BARs
[ 3.333065] intel_pmc_core: initialized
GeForce GT 710 上的 HDMI 音频似乎受到抑制。有办法解决吗？
aplay检测 HDMI 音频设备（虽然我不确定它是我的显卡还是主板上的内置视频设备）：
$ sudo aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC887-VD Analog [ALC887-VD Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: ALC887-VD Digital [ALC887-VD Digital]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
查看检测到的声卡的另一种方法：
$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
HDA Intel PCH at 0xf7220000 irq 125
1 [NVidia ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia
HDA NVidia at 0xf7080000 irq 17
lspci还将我的 Nvidia 卡视为音频设备：
$ lspci | grep -i "NVIDIA"
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK208B [GeForce GT 710] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GK208 HDMI/DP Audio Controller (rev a1)
谢谢！
答案1
您需要实际选择输出。在 Pulseaudio 下，您可以对pavucontrol应用程序执行此操作，即使应用程序本身不支持它。