这是针对老化的机械 SATA 驱动器。
日志样本：
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Aborted Command [current]
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Scsi parity error
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 01 00 69 00 00 00 48 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 16804096 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 9 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Sense Key : Aborted Command [current]
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 Add. Sense: Scsi parity error
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 71 fc e9 00 00 00 48 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1912400128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 9 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=13s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 23 82 a1 f0 00 00 08 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 595763696 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x3000 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 53 04 00 38 00 00 08 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1392771128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 53 04 00 38 00 00 08 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1392771128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 53 04 00 38 00 00 08 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 1392771128 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 53 04 00 38 00 00 08 00
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: ATA command pass through(16) 85 06 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 00
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: ATA command pass through(16) 85 06 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 00
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 01 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 3 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 3, async page read
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_BAD_TARGET driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 01 00
kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 4 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 4, async page read
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 5, async page read
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 6, async page read
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 7, async page read
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 0, async page read
kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev sda, logical block 1, async page read
这不是启动驱动器，只是存储驱动器。系统无论如何都拒绝启动（等待设备的无限超时，我认为是由于x-systemd.device-timeout=0fstab 中的选项）。启动到拇指驱动器，并且能够安装驱动器，但 ls 输出显示一些 ??????乱码条目。访问尝试导致系统日志中显示错误。
在 fstab 中注释掉驱动器并重新启动，由于不在驱动器上的另一个文件系统超时，系统仍然拒绝启动，但另一次重新启动使系统启动。
答案1
“SCSI 奇偶校验错误”让我怀疑这可能是电缆问题。我更换了电缆，问题就消失了。运行 fsck（尽管 ext4 有日志，但还是花了一些时间），然后运行密集只读 e2fsck -c，到目前为止没有错误。
无法确定这实际上是电缆的问题，而不是通过简单地移动东西而消除的一些间歇性的东西。